Zviratidzo zveyakavharika catalytic converter

Motokari dzese dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzwa nechinoshandura chinogadzirisa. Ichi chinhu cheiyo chiutsi system inobvumira zvinhu zvinokuvadza kuti zvibviswe kubva kumagasi ekudzimisa. Kunyanya chaizvo, iyi dudziro inovashayisa simba, ichivaparadzanisa kuita vasina kukuvara. Asi, kunyangwe paine mabhenefiti, iyo inokonzeresa inoda kushanda kwakakodzera kwemaitiro akasiyana mumota. Semuenzaniso, iyo chaiyo kuumbwa kwemhepo / musanganiswa wemafuta kwakakosha kwazvo kune maitikiro anoitika mune zvinokonzeresa.

Ngatitarisei mashandiro anoita chinoshandura chinoshandura, ndeapi matambudziko chinhu chakavharika cheiyo chiutsi system chinogona kukonzera mutyairi, nei ichigona kuvhara. Tichakurukurawo nezvekuti chinhu chakavharika chinogona kugadziriswa.

Catalyst, nei yakaiswa, mudziyo uye chinangwa

Tisati tafunga nezve zvikonzero izvo chikamu ichi chingatadze, zvinofanirwa kuti tinzwisise kuti zvinoshanda sei. Sezvo isu tatoona, chinokonzeresa chikamu cheinjini yekubvisa system, uye inoiswa kwete chete pane peturu unit, asiwo pane injini yedhiziri.

Idzo mota dzekutanga dzakashongedzerwa nechinoshandura chinogadzira dzakagadzirwa muma1970. Kunyangwe panguva iyoyo iko kukura kwaive kuripo kweanenge makore makumi maviri. Kufanana nezvose zviri kuitika, mudziyo wekugadzirisa wakagadziridzwa nekufamba kwenguva, nekuda kwesarudzo dzazvino uno dzinoita basa rakanakisa rebasa ravo. Uye nekuda kwekushandisa kweimwe masisitimu, gasi rekukuvadza rinokuvadza rakadzikiswa nenzira dzakasiyana dzeinjini dzinoshanda.

Chinhu ichi chakagadzirirwa kuitira kuti panguva yekushanda kwesimba remagetsi, zviitwa zvemakemikari zvinoitika muhurongwa hwekudzima hunokanganisa zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinoonekwa panguva yekupisa kwemafuta.

Nenzira, kuitira kuti injini yedhiziri ikwanise kuchenesa, urea jekiseni system inoiswa mumamota mazhinji emota. Verenga nezve zvazviri uye kuti zvinoshanda sei. mune imwe ongororo... Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza chinogadzirisa chishandiso.

Muchikamu ichi, unogona kuona kuti chinhu ichi chinogara chichiita sezinga reuchi. Ese zvedongo zvinokonzeresa mahwendefa akafukidzwa neakaonda hutete hwesimbi yakakosha. Idzi platinamu, iridium, goridhe, nezvimwe. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nekuti ndeipi mhando yekuita inoda kupihwa muchigadzirwa. Asi zvimwe pane izvo gare gare. Chekutanga pane zvese, chinhu ichi chinofanirwa kudziirwa kuitira kuti zvisatsva mafuta mafiringi kuti apise mudumbu iri.

Dende iri rinopisa nekutora kwemweya unopisa wekudzimisa. Nechikonzero ichi, chinokonzeresa chakaiswa padyo padyo nechinzvimbo chemagetsi kuitira kuti chiutsi chiwane nguva yekutonhora mukutonhorera kwemotokari.

Pamusoro pekupedzisira kwekutsva kwemafuta, kuita kwemakemikari kunoitika muchishandiso kudzora magasi ane chepfu. Iyo inopihwa nekubatana kwemamorekuru ekuzadza neanopisa huchi hwepamusoro peiyo ceramic substrate. Dhizaini yeanoshandura chinosanganisira:

• Chimiro. Inogadzirwa nenzira yegirobhu, ichiyeuchidza imwe yekuwedzera silencer. Chete chemukati chechikamu chino chakasiyana;
• Bvisa mutakuri. Iyi porous ceramic filler inogadzirwa nenzira yemachubhu matete, ichigadzira zinga reuchi mune chikamu. Iyo yakatetepa nhete yesimbi yakakosha inoiswa pamusoro pemahwendefa aya. Ichi chikamu chekukonzera ndicho chinhu chikuru, sezvo maitiro emakemikari anoitamo. Iyo maseru dhizaini inobvumidza kuwedzera iyo yekudyidzana nzvimbo yemweya gasi uye neshungu inopisa;
• Kuchenesa kupisa. Izvo zvinodiwa kuitira kudzivirira kupisa kupisa pakati pebhuruu nenzvimbo. Kutenda neizvi, mudziyo unochengetedza yakanyanya tembiricha kunyangwe munguva yechando inotonhora.

Iyo inokonzeresa inlet uye nzira yekubuda nayo yakashongedzwa ne lambda probes. Mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa verenga nezve izvo zvakakosha zveiyi sensor uye kuti inoshanda sei. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kune akati wandei mhando dzeanokonzeresa. Ivo vanosiyana kubva kune mumwe nesimbi inoiswa pamusoro pemasero eanotakura block.

Neiyi paramende, zvinokamura zvakapatsanurwa kuita:

• Kudzorera. Vashanduri vanogadzirisa vanoshandisa rhodium. Iyi simbi, mushure mekudziya uye mukubatana neyekudzimisa gasi, inoderedza HAPANA gasi._xuye wozoichinja. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nitrogen inosunungurwa kubva pombi yekuzadza kupinda munharaunda.
• Kuchengetedza. Mukushandurwa kwakadai, palladium ikozvino yanyanya kushandiswa, pamwe neplatinum. Mune makatuni akadaro, iyo oxidation yemasina kusapiswa hydrocarbon makomponi inokurumidza. Nekuda kweizvi, makomponi akaomarara anoora ave kabhoni monoxide uye kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, uye chiutsi chakaburitswawo.

Kune macatalysts anoshandisa zvese izvi zvinhu. Ivo vanonzi matatu-echinhu (mazhinji emazuva ano zvinokonzeresa ndezverudzi urwu). Kune inoshanda makemikari maitiro, chinodiwa iko kutonhora kwenzvimbo yekushanda mudunhu remadhigirii mazana matatu. Kana iyo sisitimu ichishanda nemazvo, saka pasi pemamiriro akadaro, inenge 300% yezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakagadziriswa. Uye chikamu chidiki chete chemweya une chepfu chinopinda munzvimbo.

Maitiro ekusvika tembiricha yekushanda mumotokari yega yega akasiyana. Asi zvinokonzeresa kupisa zvinogona kuitwa nekukurumidza kana:

1. Chinja kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa wemhepo-peturu kune wakawedzerwa;
2. Isa iyo catalyst padyo neiyo yekuzadza yakawanda sezvinobvira (verenga nezve basa reichi injini chikamu. pano).

Zvikonzero zvekuvhara kwakazara

Munguva yekushanda kwemota, chinhu ichi chichava chakavharwa, uye nekufamba kwenguva chicharega kubata nebasa rayo. Huchi hwehuchi hunogona kuzara nemadhibhoni, iyo mhango inogona kuremara kana kuparadzwa zvachose.

Chero kusashanda zvakanaka kunogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvinotevera:

• Mutyairi anogara achizadza mota nemhando yepeturu yepasi kana dhiziri. Mafuta acho anogona kusapera zvachose. Zvisaririra muhuwandu hwakawanda zvinowira pazinga rinopisa rehuchi, panguva yavanobatidza uye vanowedzera tembiricha mumubati. Pamusoro pekuti simba rakaburitswa harishandiswe munzira ipi neipi, kupisa kwakanyanya kwehuchi hwuchi kunotungamira mukushanduka kwavo.
• Kuvhara kwehuchi hwenyuchi hwekukonzera kunoitikawo nekumwe kusashanda kweinjini yekutsva yemukati. Semuenzaniso, mafuta anotsvaira mhete pamapistoni akasakara kana mafuta anotsikisa zvisimbiso mumagetsi ekuparadzira mashini akarasikirwa nemidziyo. Somugumisiro, mafuta anopinda humburumbira. Somugumisiro wekutsva kwayo, sosi inogadzirwa, iyo iyo catalyst haigone kubata nayo, sezvo isina kugadzirirwa kushanda netosi mune yekuzadza magasi. Maseru mashoma kwazvo anokurumidza kuvharika nekuda kwekuvakwa kwekutsva, uye chishandiso chinoparara.
• Uchishandisa chisiri-chepakutanga chikamu. Mune runyorwa rwezvigadzirwa zvakadaro, kazhinji pane mamodheru ane mashoma maseru kana kudonhedzwa kwakashata kwesimbi dzinokosha. Kunyanya kutariswa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune zvigadzirwa zveAmerica. Mota dzakashandisirwa musika uyu dzakashongedzwa nehunhu hunogutsa, asi iine diki diki sero. Iyo peturu inoshandiswa mune mamwe matunhu haisi yemhando yepamusoro kuona hupenyu hwakareba hwebasa. Nechikonzero chimwe chete ichi, iwe unofanirwa kungwarira kana uchitenga mota kubva kukosheni yeAmerica.
• Inotungamira peturu, tetraethyl lead (inoshandiswa kuwedzera octane nhamba peturu kudzivirira kugogodza muinjini) haifanire kushandiswa kana mota iine chinogadzirisa. Izvi zvinhu zvakare hazvitsva zvachose panguva yekushanda kwesimba remagetsi, uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvinodzivirira maseru eiyo neutralizer.
• Kuparadzwa kweiyo porous ceramic element nekuda kwekukanganisa pasi paunenge uchityaira pamusoro pemapundu.
• Zvishoma nezvishoma, asi zvinoitika, zvinokonzeresa kukundikana zvinogona kukonzera kushanda kwenguva refu kwesimba remagetsi.

Zvisinei nechikonzero chipi chinodzora sosi yekugadzirisa, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa mamiriro echinhu ichi cheiyo chiutsi system. Asi tisati tatarisa maitiro ekuona kana chinokonzeresa chakakanganisa, ngatikurukurei kuti ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinoratidza dambudziko nazvo.

Zvimiro zvekuvhara iyo catalyst pamotokari dzakasiyana

Pasinei nekugadzirwa uye modhi yemotokari, kana ichishandisa exhaust system ine catalytic converter, zvino kana yakavharwa, injini haishande nemazvo. Semuenzaniso, pamhando dzemhuri yeVAZ, dambudziko iri rinowanzoperekedzwa neruzha kubva pasi pemotokari, sekunge matombo akaonekwa mumhepo yekubuda uye anotinhira pamwe nepombi. Ichi chiratidzo chakajeka chekuparadzwa kwehuchi hwebhobhoni, umo kusagadziriswa kwemagasi ane chepfu kunoitika.

Mufambidzani weyakavharika catalyst ndiyo yakaderera dynamics yemotokari nekuda kwe "kufunga" kwemota. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, motokari inotora kumhanya zvisina kunaka. Kana tikataura pamusoro pemotokari dzepamba dzine catalyst, ipapo zviratidzo zvekushanda kwayo zvakafanana kune mamwe maitiro mumotokari. Semuenzaniso, kusashanda zvakanaka kweinjini kunogona kukonzerwa nekuputsika kwemafuta system, kupisa, mamwe ma sensors, zvichingodaro.

Kana mutyairi achigara achiwedzera mafuta neyakachipa yakaderera-mhando, ipapo mukuwedzera kune isiriyo kushanda kweiyo magetsi unit, iye zvakare anomutsa kuvhara kweiyo catalyst.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekuvhara kwakazara?

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekufa zvinogona kuoneka kana mota ichipfuura mazana mazana maviri emakiromita. Asi zvese zvinoenderana nehunhu hwemota, pamwe nemamiriro ekushanda kwayo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chinoshandura chinokonzeresa hachinei nechuru zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu.

Chiratidzo chakakoshesa pane icho munhu anogona kufungidzira chinokonzeresa kusashanda ndiko kurasikirwa kweinjini simba hunhu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pachave nekurasikirwa kwekufambisa kwesimba. Ichi chiratidzo chinozviratidza mukukanganisa kwekumhanyisa kwemota, pamwe nekuderera kwakanyanya mukumhanyisa kwemotokari.

Ehezve, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune chinokonzeresa mune dzakadai zviitiko, kana paine chivimbo chakazara chekuti mamwe masisitimu emota ari mukushanda kwakanaka. Semuenzaniso, kana paine kusashanda zvakanaka, iko kupisa, mafuta uye nemhepo masisitimu anokwanisa kudzikisira zvakataurwa pamusoro apa auto zvimiro. Naizvozvo, chekutanga, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa mukushandirwa kwemaitiro aya uye kuwiriraniswa kwebasa ravo.

Akafa kana padyo neiyi mamiriro echinokonzeresa anogona kuve chikonzero:

1. Kunetsekana kutanga kwemotokari, kunyangwe tembiricha yayo;
2. Kuzadzisa kutadza kwechikwata kutanga;
3. Kuonekwa kwekunhuhwirira kwehydrogen sulfide mune yekudzimisa gasi;
4. Rattling ruzha panguva yekushanda kweinjini (inouya kubva kune inowedzera girobhu);
5. Kuwedzeredza kuwedzera / kuderera kweinjini kumhanya.

Kana chinokonzeresa chisingaoneki chikaonekwa mune mamwe mamodheru emota, chiratidzo che "Check Injini" chinovheneka pane chakarongedzwa. Ichi chiratidzo hachivheneke mune zvese zviitiko, nekuti muchina haushandise ma sensors anotarisa mamiriro emaseru ari mairi. Dhata pane mamiriro echikamu chino cheiyo chiutsi system ingori isina kunangana, nekuti ma sensors anoongorora kugona kwemaitiro anoitika mairi (iri basa rinoitwa ne lambda probes). Zvishoma nezvishoma kuvhara hakuna kuonekwa neimwe nzira, saka haufanire kuvimba nechiratidzo ichi kana uchisarudza mamiriro echigadzirwa.

Maitiro ekutarisa - akavharirwa catalyst kana kwete

Kune nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuziva mamiriro echakonzera mumotokari. Dzimwe dzenzira dziri nyore, uye unogona kuzviongorora. Kana iwe usina chokwadi chekuti basa richaitwa nemazvo, izvi zvinogona kuitwa panenge chero chiteshi chebasa pamubhadharo wakakodzera.

Inotakurika Catalyst Analyzer - inoongorora mhando yemagasi ekupedza uchishandisa iyo "electronic nose" musimboti.

Kazhinji, chinokonzeresa kukundikana kunoonekwa nekushaikwa kwekudzimisa gasi kumanikidza kana kuvapo kwezvimedu zvekune imwe nyika mune mudziyo mudziyo. "Neziso" unogona kutarisa kana mushanduri uyu akavharika nekuisa ruoko rwako pasi pepombi yekuzadza. Kana iwe uchinzwa kuti chiutsi chiri kubuda pane imwe kumanikidza, saka chinogadzirisa chakajairika.

Ehezve, kushandisa nzira iyi hazvibviri kuona mwero wekupfeka, asi kana chikamu chiri padanho rekutsemuka kana kuda kuvhara, izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa. Mamwe maparameter akajeka anozoratidzwa neiyo yekumanikidza geji. Zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zvemotokari yega yega zvinoratidza chinofanirwa kuve kumanikidza kwemweya unobuda mupombi yekuzadza. Nezve izvi, yekumanikidza geji yakaiswa pachinzvimbo chegwagwa ye lambda iri panzvimbo yekubuda kwebhokisi.

Ngatitarisei dzimwe nzira nhatu dzekuongorora chinoshandura chinoshandura.

Kuongorora kunoonekwa

Sezvingatarisirwa, maitiro aya haagone kuitwa pasina kubvarura chishandiso. Iyo inoyevedza deformation yesimbi girobhu (mhedzisiro yesimba rakakomba) mune ingangoita 100% yenyaya zvinoreva kuparadzwa kwakasarudzika kwemasero emuzadza. Zvichienderana nehuremu hwekukuvara, zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro eiyo chiutsi system. Zvese izvi ndezvega, uye chinokwezva icho chichiri kuda kubviswa kuti tione kuti mukati mechikamu chakakuvadzwa zvakadii.

Yakatsva-kunze kana yakavharika catalyst inogona kuzivikanwa nekukurumidza mushure mekuputsa. Mamwe maseru anenge asipo maari, anonyungudika kana kuvharwa nesipo. Iwe unogona zvakare kuona kuti zvakashata sei maseru akavharirwa netochi. Inovhenekerwa, ndokuunzwa kune inopinda muhombodo. Kana mwenje usingaoneke pakubuda, ipapo chikamu chinofanira kuchinjwa. Zvakare, kana, mushure mekukatanura, zvidimbu zvidiki zvakadonha kubva muhombodo, hapana chikonzero chekufungidzira: iyo zvedongo yekuzadza yakawa. Huwandu hwezvinhu izvi hunoratidza mwero wekukuvara.

Kuti ubvise zvinokonzeresa kubva mumotokari, unoda gomba kana kusimudzwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuwana chishandiso uye zvirinyore kuita basa kupfuura pamushini wakasungwa. Unofanira zvakare kufunga kuti mumakina akasiyana chikamu ichi chinobviswa nenzira yacho. Kuti uwane hunyengeri hwemaitiro, iwe unofanirwa kujekesa izvi mumirairo yemota.

Nekuda kwekushanda pane kwakanyanya tembiricha, iyo casing pombi yekuchengetedza inogona kuve inonamira, uye hazvizogoneke kuibvisa kunze kwekukuya. Rimwe dambudziko rinosanganisirwa nekutarisisa kwekutarisa kwechikamu ichi zvine chekuita nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvimwe zvinogadziriswa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chirongo chine mapaipi akakombama pamativi ese, nekuda kwekuti zinga reuchi harioneke. Kuti utarise kupasa kwemhando dzakadai, uchafanirwa kushandisa dzimwe nzira.

Maitiro ekuona kana chinokachidza chakavharika kana kusashandisa infrared thermometer

Kana zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekuvhara zvakavharwa zvikaonekwa (zvataurwa pamusoro, asi chakakosha kuderera kwesimba remotokari), kushandisa nzira iyi, simba remagetsi uye yekuwisira sisitimu inofanirwa kudziirwa zvakanaka. Kuti uite izvi, zvakakwana kutyaira mota kwehafu yeawa. Kujekesa: kwete chete injini inofanira kushanda, asi muchina unofanirwa kufamba, ndokuti, iyo unit yakashanda iri pasi pekutakura.

Mune ino kesi, iyo inokonzeresa inofanirwa kudziirwa pamusoro pe400 degrees. Mushure mekufamba, mota yakavharwa uye injini inotanga zvakare. Iyo infrared thermometer inogona kubatsira mune dzimwe nguva, saka inogona kutengwa kune zvimwe zviyero (semuenzaniso, kuyera kupisa kurasikirwa mumba).

Kuyerwa kunoitwa seinotevera. Kutanga, iyo laser yechigadzirwa inotungamirwa kune iyo pombi pane iyo catalyst inlet uye iyo chiratidzo chakanyorwa. Ipapo maitiro akafanana anoitwa nepombi panobuda mudziyo. Iine inoshanda neutralizer, iyo tembiricha kuverenga pakati peiyo inopinda uye nzira yekubuda kwechigadzirwa ichasiyana nemakumi matatu--30 madigiri.

Uyu musiyano mudiki unokonzerwa nekuti iko kuitika kwemakemikari kunoitika mukati mechigadzirwa, icho chinoperekedzwa nekusunungurwa kwekupisa. Asi kune chero malfunctions, izvi zvinoratidza zvichasiyana, uye mune dzimwe nguva tembiricha ichave yakafanana.

Nzira yekuziva sei yakavharika catalyst uchishandisa diagnostic adapter (autoscanner)

Saizvozvowo tembiricha zviyero mune inopisa moto zvinokonzeresa zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa autoscanner. Semuenzaniso, unogona kushandisa iyo ELM327 modhi. Ichi zvakare chinhu chinobatsira icho chinouya chinobatsira kune mutyairi. Iyo inokutendera iwe kuzvimiririra kuongorora muchina, uye kutarisa mashandiro ehurongwa hwayo uye mashandiro ega ega.

Kuti uite maitiro pane mota nyowani, iyi scanner yakabatana kune OBD2 chinongedzo. Kana iyo mota iri yechinyakare modhi, saka iwezve unozofanirwa kutenga adapta kune inoenderana yekubatanidza (ingangove ichave iri G12 yekubata chip).

Ipapo mota inotanga kusimuka, simba remagetsi uye chinokonzera chinopisa zvakanaka. Kuti uone mamiriro echinokonzeresa, iwe unoda smartphone ine chirongwa chakakodzera panowedzerwa maviri ekushisa sensors (B1S1 uye B1S2) akawedzerwa.

Iyo inokonzeresa inoedzwa nenzira imwecheteyo neiyo infrared thermometer. Chigadzirwa chinopisa mukati mehafu yeawa kutyaira. Musiyano chete ndewekuti zviratidziro zvinoongororwa nechirongwa.

Maitiro ekutarisa iyo catalyst yekuvhara pasina kubvisa

Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti catalyst haisi kushanda pasina kuibvisa kubva kune exhaust system, unogona kushandisa nzira mbiri:

1. Kutarisa ne exhaust gas analyzer. Iyi ndiyo yakaoma midziyo inobatanidza kune exhaust pombi yemotokari. Masensa emagetsi anoongorora kuumbwa kwemagasi ekupera uye kuona kuti iyo catalyst inoshanda sei.
2. Backpressure cheki. Kubudirira kweiyi nzira ndeyokuti inogona kuitwa kumba, uye nokuda kwekuongorora, haufaniri kutenga chero midziyo inokosha, kunyange zvazvo kune makiti akagadzirira-akagadzirirwa maitiro aya. Icho chakakosha chekuongorora ndechekuona kuti yakawanda sei kumashure kudzvinyirirwa iyo catalyst inogadzira mune dzakasiyana injini inoshanda modhi. Zviri nyore kuita cheki yakadaro kana maviri okisijeni sensors (lambda probes) anoshandiswa mune yekupedza system. Mucherechedzo wekutanga (wakamira pamberi pechigadziriso) hauna kuvharwa, uye panzvimbo payo, kusungirirwa nechubhu kunoputirwa mukati, kune imwe mugumo iyo gauge yekumanikidza inoiswa. Zviri nani kuti iyo yakakodzera uye chubhu inogadzirwa nemhangura - iyi simbi ine yakanyanya kupisa kupisa mwero, saka inotonhora nekukurumidza. Kana imwe chete lambda probe inoshandiswa mumotokari, ipapo gomba rehupamhi hwakakodzera rinoputirwa mupombi pamberi pechigadziriso, uye tambo inotemwa mairi. Pakumhanya kwakasiyana kweinjini, iyo yekumanikidza geji kuverenga inorekodhwa. Sezvineiwo, pane stock injini, iyo yekumanikidza geji inofanira kunge iri mukati me 0.5 kgf / cc.

Izvo zvisingabatsiri nzira yekutanga ndeyokuti haisi kuwanika kune vagari vemaguta maduku nekuda kwekudhura kwezvinhu zvekushandisa (zviteshi zvakawanda zvebasa hazvikwanisi kuzvitenga). Kukanganisa kwechipiri nzira ndeyokuti kana pasina lambda probe pamberi pechigadziriso, zvichave zvakakosha kukuvadza pombi pamberi payo, uye mushure mekuongororwa, ipulagi yakakodzera inoda kuiswa.

Muedzo wakazvimirira weiyo catalyst unofanirwa kuitwa pamotokari inofamba. Saka iyo yekumanikidza geji kuverenga ichave inonzwisisika, tichifunga nezve mutoro pamota.

Mhedzisiro yeyakavharika catalyst

Zvichienderana nezinga rekuvhara kwekukwirisa, soti inogona kubviswa pairi. Kana iwe usingaite hanya nekushanda kweiyo inoshandura munguva, saka rimwe zuva mota inozomira kutanga. Asi pakutanga, mota inozomira padiki padiki mushure mekutanga kana kushanda isina kugadzikana.

Imwe yeakanyanya kuregeredzwa kuputsika ndiko kunyungudika kweceramic maseru. Mune ino kesi, iyo catalyst haigone kugadziriswa, uye hapana basa rekudzorera richabatsira. Kuti injini ishande nenzira imwecheteyo, chinokonzeresa chinofanira kutsiviwa. Vamwe vatyairi vanoisa murazvo wekusungira panzvimbo pechikamu ichi, chete muchiitiko ichi, kuitira kushanda kwakaringana kwechikamu chekutonga, zvinodikanwa kukwidziridza software. Saka iyo ECU haizogadzirise zvikanganiso nekuda kwekuverengwa zvisirizvo kwema lambda probes.

Kana iyo yekuzadza yekuzadza yaserera, marara mune yekudzimisa sisitimu anogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya injini. Mune dzimwe mota, zvakaitika kuti injini. Nekuda kweizvi, iro silinda-pisitoni boka rinokundikana, uye mutyairi anofanirwa, mukuwedzera kune yekugadzirisa iyo yekuzadza system, zvakare ita injini hombe.

Asi, sezvatakambotaura, kudonha kwesimba reinjini uye simba remotokari hakuwanzo kuve kwakabatana nechinokanganisa chinokonzeresa. Izvi zvinogona kuve mhedzisiro yekusaita mashandiro kana kutadza kweimwe auto system. Nechikonzero ichi, kana zviratidzo zvataurwa pamusoro zvikaonekwa, kuongororwa kwakazara kwemotokari kunofanira kuitwa. Nezve maitiro maitiro aya, uyezve kuti anogona kubatsira sei, verenga mune imwe chinyorwa.

Iyo yakavharwa catalyst inokanganisa sei injini kuita?

Sezvo magasi ekupedza achifanira kusiya injini zvakasununguka panguva yekushanda kweinjini, iyo catalyst haifanirwe kugadzira yakakura kumashure kumanikidza kweichi chiitiko. Hazvibviri kubvisa zvachose chiitiko ichi, nokuti magasi emhepo anopfuura nepakati pemasero maduku emushanduri.

Kana iyo catalyst yakavharwa, kutanga kwezvose, izvi zvinokanganisa maitiro ekushanda kwechikwata chemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekutanga injini yekupisa kwemukati, masilinda haana kufefeterwa zvakanaka, izvo zvinotungamira mukuzara kwavo kwakashata nemusanganiswa wemafuta emhepo. Nechikonzero ichi, nechakaipa chinoshandura chinoshandura, mota inogona kusatanga (kana kumira pakarepo mushure mekutanga).

Paunenge uchityaira, zvinonzwika kuti mota yarasa rimwe resimba, izvo zvinotungamira kune hurombo hwekumhanyisa dynamics. Iine yakavharika catalyst, kushandiswa kwemafuta kunowedzera nekuda kwekushata carburetion uye kukosha kwekudzvanya accelerator pedal zvakanyanya.

Kushandiswa kwemafuta neyakavharika catalytic converter

Apo mafuta ekuchera zvindori anopera mujini, mafuta anopinda mumusanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta. Iyo haina kupisa zvachose, ndicho chikonzero plaque inooneka pamadziro emagetsi e-catalyst cell. Pakutanga, izvi zvinoperekedzwa nehutsi hwebhuruu kubva papombi yekupedza. Zvadaro, plaque pamasero emushanduri inowedzera, zvishoma nezvishoma ichivhara nzira yekubudisa magasi mupombi. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwemafuta ndicho chikonzero chekushandura kwakavharwa, uye kwete zvinopesana.

Ko kana iyo catalyst yakavharwa?

Kana muchiitiko chekutarisa mota zvakaonekwa kuti chinokonzeresa chakakanganisika, saka pane nzira nhatu dzekugadzirisa dambudziko iri:

• Chinhu chakareruka mune ino kesi kubvisa chikamu uye kumisikidza murazvo wekusungisa panzvimbo. Sezvambotaurwa, kuitira kuti mushure mekutsiva kwakadaro mota yemagetsi isinganyore kuwanda kwezvikanganiso, zvichave zvakakodzera kugadzirisa marongero eECU. Asi kana mota ikasangana nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, ipapo sevhisi inodzora paramende ino ichapa faindi yekumutsiridza yakadaro system.
• Zvichienderana nezinga rehutachiona, chinokonzeresa chinogona kudzoserwa. Tichataura nezve maitiro aya zvizere.
• Maitiro anodhura kwazvo ari kutsiva chishandiso chakafanana. Zvichienderana nemota yemota, kugadzirisa kwakadai kunodhura kubva pamadhora zana nemakumi matanhatu nezvimwe.

Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Akavhara Akavharira

Maitiro aya anonzwisisika chete mumatanho ekutanga ekuvhara. Muzvitoro zvinotengesa mota yemakemikari zvinhu, unogona kutora nzira dzakasiyana dzekuti ubvise soti kubva kune anowedzera maseru. Kuiswa kwezvinhu zvakadaro kunoratidza mashandisirwo acho nemazvo.

Mechanical kukuvara, semhedzisiro iyo ceramic filler yakadonha, haigone kugadziridzwa munzira ipi neipi. Iko hakuna makateti anotsiviwa echikamu ichi, saka hapana chikonzero chekuvhura guchu neguyo uye kuyedza kutsvaga yakafanana filler pane auto disassembly.

Izvo zvinogona kutaurwa nezve izvo zviitiko apo, nekuda kwekusaita zvakanaka kweiyo mafuta system uye kuvesa, mafuta anopiswa mukatoni. Nekuda kwekutonhora kwakanyanya, maseru anonyungudika uye kune imwe nhanho anovharira kubviswa kwemahara emweya wekubvisa. Hapana huwandu hwekuchenesa kana kutsvaira iyo catalyst ichabatsira mune ino kesi.

Kugadzirisa kunosanganisirei?

Hazvibviri kugadzirisa shanduri yakavharwa. Chikonzero ndechokuti soot zvishoma nezvishoma inoomesa zvakasimba uye haigoni kubviswa. Iyo yakawanda inogona kuitwa ndeyekudzivirira kubhururuka kwemasero, asi nzira yakadaro ine mhedzisiro yayo chete mumatanho ekutanga ekuvhara, izvo zvakaoma chaizvo kuongorora.

Vamwe vatyairi vemotokari vanoboora maburi madiki mumizinga yakavharika. Saka vanochenesa nzira yekubvisa magasi emhepo. Asi munyaya iyi, iyo neutralization yemagasi ane chepfu haaiti (anofanira kusangana nesimbi inokosha, uye iyo yakavharwa zvachose nekuda kwesoti uye kemikari inogadzirisa haiitike).

Seimwe nzira yekutsiva iyo catalyst, dzimwe nhepfenyuro dzebasa dzinopa kuisa "trick" muchimiro cheflask imwechete, chete isina reel. Kudzivirira ma sensors eokisijeni kubva mukutsamwisa kukanganisa muchikamu chekutonga, "brains" dzemuchina dzinopenya, uye zvinosunga moto zvinoiswa panzvimbo ye neutralizer masero.

Iyo yakanakira sarudzo yekugadzirisa yakavharika catalyst ndeye kuitsiva neanalogue nyowani. Kukanganisa kwakakosha kweiyi nzira ndeyekudhura kwakanyanya kwechikamu pachayo.

Kutsiva chinogadzirisa chinoshandura

Maitiro aya, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda, anogona kuitwa mushure memazana mazana maviri emakiromita emakiromita emota. Iyi ndiyo mhinduro inodhura kwazvo kuchinetso neakavharika chiutsi system chinhu. Iko kudhura kwepamusoro kwechikamu ichi kuri nekuda kwekuti haasi makambani mazhinji ari kuita kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yakadaro.

Nekuda kwekupinza kune nyika dzakasiyana, zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvinodhura. Uyezve, chishandiso chinoshandisa zvinhu zvinodhura. Izvi zvinhu zvinopa chokwadi chekuti zvekutanga zvinokonzeresa zvinodhura.

Kana sarudzo ikaitwa yekumisikidza yepakutanga chikamu chikamu, mune ino kesi hapazove nekudikanwa kwekukanganisa nezvimiro zve auto auto unit. Izvi zvinochengetedza zvigadziriso zvefekitori yesoftware yemuchina, nekuda kwekuti inoenderana nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, uye injini inozoshanda sosi yayo yakatarwa.

Vanodzvinyirira murazvo panzvimbo pekugadzirisa

Sezvo kuri kudhura kudzorera mota kumafekitori, vazhinji vatyairi vanomanikidzwa kutsvaga dzimwe nzira. Imwe yadzo ndiko kuiswa kwechisiko kwese. Izvi zvinogona kuve sarudzo inokwana mhando zhinji dzemotokari, kana kutsiva katuriji yakagadzirirwa kuiswa panzvimbo yeiyo firita yekuzadza.

Muchiitiko chechipiri, basa racho harikoshese kudyara kwezvinhu, kunyange zvichikwanisa kuponesa mamiriro acho kwechinguva. Chinhu chakadai chinoshanda kwemakumi matanhatu kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe zviuru zvemakiromita. Asi pane mashoma masevhisi anogona kuita kusimudzira kwakadai. Uyezve hazvizove sarudzo yefekitori nekuti, sekutaura kwatamboita, vagadziri vezvikamu zvemotokari havagadziri macartridges ekutsiva.

Izvo zvinodhura kuisa iyo murazvo inosunga. Kana chikamu ichi chikaiswa pachinzvimbo chemidziyo yakajairwa, saka kutsiva kwakadaro kuri nyore kuziva, uye kana muchina uchitariswa nehunyanzvi, saka haupfuure cheki. Kuiswa kwemukati wemurazvo wekusungwa (wakaiswa mune chisina chinhu chinobatsira) kunobatsira kuviga kukwidziridzwa kwakadaro, asi maseru eneti anoratidza anonyatso kuratidza kusawirirana nezviratidzo zvakajairika.

Nekudaro, chero ipi nzira yekutsiva inosarudzwa, ingori chete kana iyo fekitori vhezheni ikaiswa kuti mota inotarisirwa kusangana neyakajairwa parameter.

Mhedzisiro kana iyo catalytic converter isina kugadzirwa

Inenge chero injini yakabatanidzwa ne exhaust system ine catalyst inogona kukurumidza kukundikana kana inoshandura ikava yakavharwa, uye mutyairi anofuratira zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekusashanda kwakadaro.

Pazvakanakisa, yakavharika exhaust system element inodzivirira injini kubva kutanga. Zvakatonyanya kuipa, kana zvidimbu zvidiki zvemizinga yakapararira zvikapinda mumasirinda. Saka ivo vanozoita seabrasive uye kukuvadza cylinder girazi, izvo zvinozotungamira mukugadziridzwa kukuru kwemota.

Unogona kutyaira uine yakavharika catalytic converter?

Kana iyo catalytic converter yakavharwa zvishoma, mota inogona kuramba ichishandiswa, uye mutyairi anogona kunge asiri kuona dambudziko. Kunyangwe kana simba remotokari richiderera nezvikamu zviviri kubva muzana, uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kuchawedzerawo zvishoma, vashoma vanoridza alarm.

Kudonha kwakakosha kwesimba kuchaita kuti kutyaira kwakadai kusatsungirike - iwe unozofanirwa kuunza injini kusvika pakumhanya zvakanyanya kuitira kuti uchinje kune yakakwira giya, uye kana yakazara, mota inozonyatso kunonoka kupfuura mota dzinodhonzwa nebhiza. Mukuwedzera, iyo yakakuvadzwa catalyst inogona kukonzera kukanganisa nekukurumidza kwejini.

Izvo zvinodikanwa here kuita kugadzirisa kwekaturiyamu nenzira yakakodzera?

Zvisinei nekuti chinoshandura chinogadziridza chakaiswa kupi, icharamba iine masero anoshanda nemakemikari, ayo anozovhara munguva pfupi inotevera. Hunhu hwemafuta, marongero emafuta system uye kuvesa - izvi zvese zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwechikamu, asi hazvizogone kubvisa zvachose kuvhara kwemasero.

Kana isu tikataura nezvekudzivirira kwekuvhara kweiyo catalyst, saka zvine musoro kuita zvakafanana maitiro. Mune ino kesi, hupenyu hwebasa hweichi chinhu chichava makore gumi kana kupfuura. Shanduko mukushanda kweiyo lambda probe inogona kuratidza matambudziko neicho chinokonzeresa, icho chinogona kuwanikwa panguva yenguva dzose yekuongorora komputa yeyuniti.

Kana kunyangwe zvikanganiso zvidiki zvikaonekwa mukushanda kwesimba remagetsi, izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti iyo unit yekuyedza iri kuyedza kugadzirisa mashandiro ayo kune akachinja kukosha kweiyo lambda probe pakuburitswa kwechakonzera. Izvo zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kufashaira chishandiso kunongonzwisisika mumatanho ekutanga ekuvhara. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kutenga chishandiso chakakosha chinogona kuwanikwa muchitoro chine auto makemikari.

Asi kwete mushonga wese unopa mhedzisiro yaunoda. Usati watenga chigadzirwa chakadai, unofanirwa kujekesa mashandiro ayo. Heino vhidhiyo ipfupi yekuti zvinokwanisika here kuchenesa iyo catalyst pasina kuibvisa mumotokari:

Inogona kuchenesa mota inoshandura inoshandura?

Vhidhiyo pamusoro wenyaya

Heino vhidhiyo yakadzama yekutarisa iyo catalytic converter:

maitiro ekutarisa yakavharika catalytic converter uye woziva mutengo wayo

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ko kana iyo catalyst yakavharwa? Kana iyo catalyst ikave yakavharika, saka haina kugadziriswa. Mune ino kesi, inogona kuchinjirwa kune imwe nyowani kana kubviswa. Muchiitiko chechipiri, zvese zvemukati (zvakavharwa mazinga ehuchi) zvinobviswa muhombodo, uye firmware yeyuniti ino gadziridzwa zvakare kuti isanyore zvikanganiso kubva ku lambda probes. Imwe sarudzo ndeye kuisa murazvo kusunga munhu panzvimbo yechinokonzeresa. Muchiitiko ichi, chinhu ichi chinoita kuti mashandiro epasi epasi enjini anyoro uye anoteerera, asi panguva imwecheteyo hupenyu hwebasa hweiyo yekudzima sisitimu yakadzikira.

Maitiro ekuzviongorora wega kana iyo pakavhara yakavharika? Chiratidzo chakajairika cheakavharika chinogadzirisa chinogogodza chiri kugogodza panguva yekumhanyisa (kunzwa kunge marara akaonekwa mugaba rekukonzera). Kutarisa, dambudziko rinogona kuonekwa mushure mekutyaira kwakanyanya. Kumisa mota uye kutarisa pasi payo, unogona kuona kuti chinokonzera chiri kupisa. Kana maitiro akadaro akawanikwa, zvinoreva kuti chishandiso chinokundikana munguva pfupi inotevera. Kana mota ikatanga mushure menguva yakareba yekusaita (injini yemoto yemukati yakave nenguva yekutonhora zvachose), dambudziko rekuvhara rakavharika rinozviratidza mune hwekunhuwa uye hwekunhuwa kubva pakubuda. Kuburikidza nemidziyo, iyo inokonzeresa inoongororwa kuti iteedzerwe nemhepo yekumesa gasi munzvimbo yeiyo lambda probe. Dzimwe nzira dzese dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemidziyo yakakosha uye kuongororwa kwemakomputa.