Urea mune injini dzedhiziri: sei, kuumbika, kushandiswa, mutengo, kudzima

Vazhinji vatyairi vemazuva ano, vachitsanangura inoshanda kwazvo mota, teerera kwete chete kune simba remagetsi unit uye nyaradzo inopihwa mukati. Kune vazhinji, hupfumi hwekufambisa hwakakosha kwazvo. Nekudaro, kugadzira mota ine yakaderera mafuta kunwa, vagadziri vanonyanya kutungamirwa nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza (idiki ICE inoburitsa zvinhu zvisina kukuvadza).

Kumanikidza eco-zviyero zvakamanikidza mainjiniya kuti vagadzire matsva emafuta masisitimu, gadziridza powertrains dziripo nekuvashongedzera nemimwe michina. Wese munhu anoziva kuti ukadzikisa saizi yeinjini, inozorasikirwa nemagetsi. Nechikonzero ichi, mumazuva ano zvidiki-zvinomhanyisa zvemukati zvinotsva injini, turbocharger, compressors, ese marudzi ejekiseni masisitimu, nezvimwe zviri kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Kutenda neizvi, kunyangwe 1.0-litre unit inokwanisa kukwikwidza neiyo 3.0-litre injini yemotokari yemitambo isingawanzoitika.

Kana tichienzanisa peturu nedhiziri injini (mutsauko mumajini akadaro unotsanangurwa mune imwe ongororo), ipapo zvigadziriso zvine vhoriyamu yakafanana inomhanya pamafuta anorema zvinonyatsodya mafuta mashoma Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti chero injini yedhiziri inoshongedzerwa neiyo yakananga jekiseni system nekutadza Mamwe mashoko nezve chishandiso cherudzi urwu rwemota anotsanangurwa pano.

Zvisinei, injini dzedhiziri hadzisi nyore kudaro. Panotsva mafuta edhiziri, zvinoburitsa zvinhu zvinokuvadza, ndosaka mota dzakashongedzerwa neinjini yakafanana dzichisvibisa nharaunda kupfuura analogue yepeturu. Kuita kuti mota ive yakachengeteka mune izvi, iyo yekumesa system inosanganisira firita firita и chinokonzera... Zvinhu izvi zvinobvisa uye zvinokanganisa mahydrocarbon, carbon oxides, soot, sulfur dioxide nezvimwe zvinokuvadza.

Kwemakore, zviyero zvemamiriro ekunze, kunyanya zveinjini dzedhiziri, zvakasimbiswa. Parizvino, munyika zhinji pane kurambidzwa kushanda kwemotokari dzisingasangane nematanho eEuro-4, uye dzimwe nguva kutokwira. Saka kuti injini yedhiziri isarasikirwe nekukosha kwayo, mainjiniya akagadzirira zviyuniti (kutanga nekugadziriswa kweEuro4 eco-standard) iine yekuwedzera gasi yekuchenesa system. Inonzi SCR.

Pamwe chete nazvo, urea inoshandiswa kudhiziri. Funga kuti nei mhinduro iyi ichidikanwa mumotokari, chii chirevo chekushanda kweiyi yekuchenesa system, uyezve ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira.

Chii chinonzi urea cheinjini yedhiziri

Izwi rekuti urea pacharo rinoreva chinhu chine uric acid munyu - chinozoguma chigadzirwa chemammalia metabolism. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima, asi haina kushandiswa mune yayo yakachena fomu mu auto indasitiri.

Kune injini dzedhiziri, mhinduro inokosha inoshandiswa, makumi mana kubva muzana inosanganisira anoumba mhinduro yeurea uye makumi matanhatu muzana emvura yakasanganiswa. Chinhu ichi chemakemikari isingaregi iyo inopindirana nemweya wekudzima uye inoshandura inokuvadza kabhoni oxides, mahydrocarbon uye nitrogen oxides kuita gasi (risingakuvadzi) gasi. Mhinduro yacho inoshandura kubuda kunokuvadza kuita carbon dioxide, nitrogen nemvura. Iyi fluid inonziwo AdBlue yekushandisa mune yekudzimisa gasi yekurapa system.

Kazhinji kazhinji, yakadaro sisitimu inoshandiswa mumotokari dzekutengesa. Iyo rori ichave iine yekuwedzera tangi, iyo yekuzadza mutsipa wayo uri padyo padyo nemafuta ekuzadza gomba. Rori harimudziridzwe kwete chete nedhiziri, asi mhinduro ye urea inofanirawo kudururwa mutangi rakasiyana (chinhu chakagadzirwa-chakagadzirwa chinotengeswa mumakanzuru). Kushandiswa kwechinhu kunoenderana nemhando yemafuta uye nemashandiro anoita injini.

Kazhinji, mota yemazuva ano (nenzira, huwandu hwakakura hwevafambi vanoshandisa mafuta anorema vanogashira iyo neutralization system) inokwanisa kushanda kubva pamaviri kusvika matanhatu muzana eurea kubva pahuwandu hwemafuta anodyiwa. Nekuda kwekuti jekiseni rinodzorwa nemhando yepamusoro-yemagetsi, uye mashandiro ehurongwa pachawo akaenzaniswa neNO sensors, iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera reagent kune tangi zvakanyanya kushoma pane kuwedzera mafuta mumota chaimo. Kazhinji, kuwedzera mafuta kunodiwa mushure memakiromita zviuru zvisere (zvinoenderana nehukuru hwetangi).

Urume hwekushanda kweiyo chiutsi haufanirwe kusanganiswa nemafuta edhiziri, sezvo isingatsve pachayo. Zvakare, huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura nemakemikari anokurumidza kudzora iyo yakakwira peturu pombi (mashandiro ayo anotsanangurwa pano) nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvemafuta system.

Chii icho chiri mune injini yedhiziri

Mumota dzemazuva ano, zvinokonzeresa zvinoshandiswa kudzikisira zvigadzirwa zvemoto. Zinga ravo reuchi rakagadzirwa nesimbi kana zvedongo zvinhu. Shanduro dzakajairika dzakaputirwa mukati nemhando nhatu dzesimbi: rhodium, palladium uye platinum. Imwe yesimbi idzi inopindirana nemweya wekudzimisa uye inokanganisa mahydrocarbon uye kabhoni monoxide pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya mamiriro.

Izvo zvinobuda musanganiswa we carbon dioxide, nitrogen nemvura. Nekudaro, dhiziri rinoburitsa riinewo akakwirira masosi enotrogen oxide. Zvakare, kana iyo yekuzadza sisitimu yazvino kuti ibvise chinhu chinokuvadza, izvi zvine mhedzisiro - zvirimo zvechimwe chinhu zvinowedzera zvakaenzana. Maitiro aya anoonekwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzekushandisa kwesimba remagetsi.

Kuti ubvise sosi kubva mukuwisira, musungo kana firiji firita inoshandiswa. Kuyerera kunopfuura nemumasero madiki echikamu uye sosi inogadzika pamipendero yavo. Nekufamba kwenguva, ichi skrini chinovharika uye injini inoita kuti moto ubate, nokudaro ichiwedzera hupenyu hwesefa yefaera.

Kunyangwe paine kuvapo kwezvinhu zvekuwedzera mumotokari system, zvese zvinokuvadza zvinhu hazvina kudzikisirwa zvachose. Nekuda kweizvi, kukuvadza kweinjini yemota hakuna kuderedzwa. Kuvandudza hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza hwekutakura, imwezve yekuwedzera sisitimu yekuchenesa kana kudzikisira dhiziri yekupedza magasi akagadzirwa.

SCR neutralization yakagadzirirwa kurwisa nitric oxide. Iyo inoiswa nekumisikidza mune dzese mota dzedhiziri dzinoenderana neEuro 4 uye pamusoro. Kunze kwekuchenesa kuchenesa, nekuda kwekushandisa urea, iyo yekudzimisa sisitimu inotambura zvishoma kubva kune kabhoni dhipoziti.

Mashandiro anoita hurongwa

Kuvapo kweiyo neutralization system inobvumidza iyo yekare yemukati injini yekumota kuti ienzaniswe kune emazuva ano eco-zviyero. Iko kushandiswa kweSCR kunokwanisika mune dzimwe mota seimwe yekuwedzera michina, asi kune izvi auto chiutsi sisitimu inoda kuvandudzwa. Iyo system pachayo inoshanda mumatanho matatu.

Waste gasi yekuchenesa matanho

Kana mafuta atsva musilinda, pakupera kwekurohwa gasi rekuparadzira mashandiro inovhura mavharuvhu ekupedzisa. Iyo pisitoni inosundira zvigadzirwa zvemoto mukati yakawanda yakawanda... Ipapo kuyerera kwegasi kunopinda mukati meiyo firita firita, umo sosi inochengetwa. Iri ndiro danho rekutanga mukuchenesa kuchenesa.

Rukova, rwakatocheneswa nesot, runobuda mufaera uye rwakanongedzwa kune chinokonzeresa (mamwe mamodheru esoteti anowirirana neicho chinokonzeresa mune imwe imba), uko gasi rekubvisa richazoregwa. Panguva ino, kudzamara gasi rinopisa rapinda mune iyo neutralizer, mhinduro ye urea inosaswa mupombi.

1. chando; 2. Kudzora unit; 3. Reagent tangi; 4.DPF firita; 5. Chikamu chakacheneswa chiutsi; 6. Jekiseni re urea; 7. SCR chinokonzera.

Sezvo rwizi ruchiri kupisa zvakanyanya, mvura yacho inopwa pakarepo, uye ammonia inosunungurwa kubva mumudziyo. Kuita kwekushisa kwakanyanya kunogadzirawo isocyanic acid. Panguva ino, ammonia inopindirana ne nitric oxide. Izvi zvinogadzirisa ino gasi inokuvadza uye inogadzira nitrogen nemvura.

Chikamu chechitatu chinoitika mune chinokonzeresa pachacho. Inorerutsa zvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu. Ipapo kuyerera kunoenda kune iyo isina kugadzikana uye inosunungurwa munzvimbo.

Zvichienderana nerudzi rweinjini uye yekumesa system, neutralization ichatevera yakafanana nira, asi kumisikidza pachayo kunogona kutaridzika kwakasiyana.

Chiumbwa chemanyoro

Vamwe vatyairi vane mubvunzo: kana urea chiri chigadzirwa cheicho chakakosha chiitiko chenyika yemhuka, zvinokwanisika kuita mvura yakadaro wega? Mune dzidziso, zvinokwanisika, asi vagadziri havakurudzire kuita izvi. Mhinduro yekugadzira urea haigone kuzadzikisa hunhu hunodiwa pamushini.

Uye kune zvikonzero zvinoverengeka zveizvi:

1. Urea, iyo inowanzo kuverengerwa mune akawanda mamineral fotereza, inogona kutarisirwa senge imwe nzira yekugadzira mhinduro. Asi iwe haugone kuenda kuchitoro chepedyo chekurima kunotenga. Chikonzero ndechekuti granules dzefetiraiza dzinorapwa nechinhu chakakosha chinotadzisa kuwanda kwezvinhu. Iyi kemikari reagent inokuvadza kune izvo zveyemukati zvigadzirwa zvigadzirwa yekuchenesa system. Kana iwe ukagadzirira mhinduro zvichibva pane ino mineral mineral, kuiswa kwacho kuchakundikana nekukurumidza zvakanyanya. Hapana firita system inokwanisa kusefa ichi chinokuvadza.
2. Kugadzirwa kwemamineral fotereza kwakabatana nekushandiswa kwe biuret (iyo yekupedzisira simbi yeiyi reagent inogona kunge iine inenge 1.6 muzana). Kuvapo kwechinhu ichi kuchapfupisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwechinoshandura chinogadzirisa. Nechikonzero ichi, mukugadzirwa kweAdBlue, pakupedzisira, chidimbu chidiki chebiuret (hapana chinopfuura 0.3 muzana yehoriyamu yakazara) chinogona kunge chiri mukuumbwa kwayo.
3. Mhinduro yacho pachayo inogadzirwa pachishandiswa demineralized mvura (mineral salts inovhara zinga reuchi, iro rinokurumidza kuisa kunze kwechiito). Kunyangwe mutengo wemvura iyi uri pasi, kana iwe ukawedzera mutengo wemaminerari fetiraiza uye nguva yakashandiswa kugadzira mhinduro kumutengo wayo, mutengo wechigadzirwa chapera hausiyane zvakanyanya kubva kune analogue yeindasitiri. Uyezve reagent yakagadzirirwa kumba inokuvadza mota.

Mumwe mubvunzo wakajairika maererano nekushandiswa kweurea kune injini dzedhiziri - inogona here kudururwa nemvura nekuda kwehupfumi? Hapana munhu acharambidza kuita izvi, asi kuchengetedza hakukwanisike nenzira iyi. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti iyo yekuzorora mushure mekurapa system yakarongedzwa nema sensors maviri akagadzirirwa kuona kusungwa kweNO mune zvigadzirwa zvemoto.

Imwe sensor inoiswa pamberi pechigadziro, uye imwe yacho pakubuda kwayo. Yekutanga inosarudza huwandu hwenitrogen dioxide mumhepo yekumedza uye inogonesa iyo neutralization system. Iyo sensor yechipiri inosarudza kuti mashandiro acho ari kuenda nemazvo. Kana kuwanda kwechinhu chinokuvadza mukufema kuchidarika mwero unobvumidzwa (32.5 muzana), saka zvinopa chiratidzo chekuti huwandu hweurea hauna kukwana, uye hurongwa hunowedzera vhoriyamu yemvura. Nekuda kwemhinduro yakadzvanywa, yakawanda mvura inoenda, uye yakawanda mvura inoungana mune yekurasa system (maitiro ekugadzirisa nazvo, zvinotsanangurwa zvakasiyana).

Nayo pachayo, urea inotaridzika semakristuru emunyu asina hunhu. Inogona kunyungudutswa mune inogadziriswa polar senge ammonia, methanol, chloroform, nezvimwe. Nzira yakachengeteka yehutano hwevanhu kunyungudika mumvura yakadonhedzwa (zvicherwa izvo zviri chikamu chemvura yakajairika zvichaisa mari pane inozadzisa uchi).

Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemakemikari mukugadzirira mhinduro, kuvandudzwa kweurea kunoitwa pasi pekutarisirwa kana nekutenderwa neAssociation of Automotive Industry (VDA).

Kubatsira uye kuipa

Iyo inonyanya kukosha mukana wekushandisa urea mune dhiziri injini ndiko kubvisa kwakazara kwezvinhu zvine chepfu izvo zvinoburitswa panguva yekutsva kwemafuta edhiziri. Urume uhwu hunotendera mota kutevedzera mwero wezvakatipoteredza kusvika paEuro6 (izvi zvinokanganiswa nehunhu hweyuniti pachayo nemamiriro ayo ehunyanzvi).

Hapana chimwe chezvinhu zveinjini chinoshandura injini, saka zvese zvakanakira kushandisa urea zvine chekuita chete nekukuvadza kwemweya uye nemhedzisiro inotevera. Semuenzaniso, pakuyambuka muganho weEuropean, muridzi wemota haafanire kubhadhara mutero unorema kana faindi kana system munyika iyoyo ikamira kushanda.

Kutsiva kazhinji. Ivhareji yekushandisa inenge 100 ml. kwemakiromita zana. Nekudaro, ichi chiratidzo kune chemutyairi mota. Iyo 100-litre gaba rinowanzo kwana zviuru makumi maviri zvemakiromita. Kana iri rori, avhareji yekushandisa urea mairi ingangoita 20 litita pa20 km. Zvinoenderana ne mota vhoriyamu.

Chinhu chacho chinogona kudururwa zvakananga mutangi iri muchikamu cheinjini, kana mumutsipa wakasarudzika uri padyo negomba remafuta.

Kunyangwe iwo mabhenefiti akajeka eiyo nyowani sisitimu, ine yakawanda nhamba yezvakaipa. Ngatizvitarisei kuti zviite nyore kuona kana kushandisa iyi neutralization kana kwete:

• Kana chinhu chehurongwa chikatadza, kuchigadzirisa kuchadhura;
• Kuti ubudirire kusagadzirisa, zvakakosha kushandisa mafuta emhando yepamusoro (yakaderera-sulfure dhiziri mafuta);
• Chinhu chakanyanya kukanganisika hachibatanidzwe nehurongwa pachahwo, asi nenhamba yakawanda yemvura yekunyepedzera pamusika weCIS (ingangoita hafu yezvinhu zvakatengeswa ndeyenhema);
• Kuvapo kweiyo neutralization system kunoita kuti mota inodhura;
• Pamusoro pekuwedzera peturu nedhiziri, unofanirwa kuongorora kugoverwa kweAdBlue;
• Kushanda kweurea kwakaomeswa nenyaya yekuti mune chando chakanyanya (-11 degrees) inotonhora. Nechikonzero ichi, kudziya kwemvura kunoshandiswa mune zvakawanda zvinogadziriswa;
• Mvura yacho inoshanda uye inogona kukonzera kutsva kana kutsamwa kana ikasangana nemaoko. Kana ruoko rusina kudzivirirwa rwasangana nechinhu, izvo zvinowanzoitika kana uchizadza mafuta kubva mugaba hombe, mvura yacho inofanirwa kushambidzwa;
• Panharaunda yeCIS, kune mashoma kwazvo masitepisi ekuzadza uko, kana zvichidikanwa, iwe unokwanisa kuzadza huwandu hwakawanda hwemhando yepamusoro urea. Neichi chikonzero, iwe unofanirwa kutenga mvura nemumucheto uye woitakura newe kana uri kuronga rwendo rurefu;
• Mvura yacho ine ammonia, iyo, kana yasviba, inokuvadza nzira yekufema yemunhu.

Tichifunga nezvezvakawanda zvakashata, vatyairi vazhinji vanosarudza kudzima ino sisitimu.

Maitiro ekudzima

Kune nzira dzinoverengeka dzekumisa iyo neutralization yedhiziri yekumesa magasi:

1. Kusunungura iyo system. Usati washandisa iyi nzira, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti SCR haina kana zvikanganiso mune zvemagetsi. Mutsara unogadziriswazve kuitira kuti zvemagetsi zvidudzire sekunge iyo urea yatonhora. Mune ino kesi, iyo yuniti unit haigone kumhanyisa pombi kusvikira iyo system "yaoma". Iyi nzira yakakodzera kumidziyo isingapi iyo reagent kudziyisa.
2. Software kudzima. Mune ino kesi, iyo yekudzora yuniti inopenya kana kumwe kugadziridzwa kunoitwa mukushanda kwemagetsi system.
3. Kuisa iyo emulator. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo SCR yakabviswa kubva mudunhu remagetsi, uye kuitira kuti iyo unit control isagadzirise kukanganisa, yakasarudzika dhijitari emulator yakabatana pachinzvimbo, iyo inotumira chiratidzo chekuti system iri kushanda nemazvo. Panyaya iyi, injini yemagetsi haichinji.

Usati waenderera mberi nekubviswa kweiyo neutralization, zvakakosha kuti ubvunze kune nyanzvi, nekuti kesi yega yega inogona kuve neyayo nuances. Nekudaro, sekureva kwemunyori wenyaya iyi, nei uchitenga mota inodhura kuti udzime chimwe chinhu mairi, uyezve wobhadhara mari yekugadzirisa kunodhura nekuda kwekupindira kwakadai?

Pamusoro pezvo, isu tinopa pfupi vhidhiyo ongororo yekushanda kweimwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzeSCR system:

SCR system, mashandiro anoita AdBlue

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi urea cheinjini yedhiziri? Icho chinhu chinowedzerwa kuti chibvise magasi anokuvadza mukubuda kweinjini yedhiziri. Iyi sisitimu inodiwa kuti ienderane neiyo Euro4 - Euro6 eco standard.

Urea inoshanda sei padhiziri? Mukupisa uye kuita kwemakemikari, urea ammonia inopindirana nenitrogen oxide (gasi rinonyanya kukuvadza mumafuta edhiziri akapiswa), zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwenitrogen nemvura.