Ndiani anobata motokari "nemuswe" uye chii chinokonzera kuitika kwakadaro

Dzimwe nguva motokari inogona kuerekana yarasika. Mutyairi anotsika pedal, asi motokari haifambi. Kana kutasva, asi zvishoma nezvishoma, kunyange zvazvo injini yekumhanya iri pedyo nepamusoro. Sei izvi zvichiitika, uye chii chinotadzisa motokari kufamba zvakanaka? Ngatiedzei kuziva.

Kushuva kunopera riini uye nei kuchiitika?

Injini yemotokari inogona kumira kushanda zvakanaka chero nguva. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda nei injini simba rinodonha zvakanyanya. Hazvigoneke kuanyora ese mukati mechimiro chechinyorwa chimwe chidiki, saka ngatitarisei pane izvo zvakajairika:

• peturu yakaipa. Kana motokari "yakabatwa nemuswe", zvino inenge 60% yezviitiko izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuderera kwemafuta. Uye muridzi wemotokari anogona kukanganisa kudira peturu isiriyo mumotokari. Somuenzaniso, AI92 panzvimbo yeAI95;
• matambudziko mumagetsi ekudzima moto. Kunyanya, kupisa kwekusanganiswa kwemafuta kunogona kuitika kare kare, apo pistons mujini ichangotanga kukwira kumakamuri ekupisa. Kana spark ikaitika panguva ino, kudzvanywa kwemafuta anoputika kunodzivirira piston kusvika kumusoro kwakafa. Uye nekushanda kwakaringana kwekupisa, piston inosvika zvakasununguka panzvimbo yepamusoro, uye chete mushure meizvozvo kunoitika kupenya, kuchikanda pasi. Injini iyo inovhenekera inofambiswa, mumutemo, haigone kugadzira simba rakazara;
• matambudziko epombi yemafuta. Iyi unit ine mafirita anogona kuvharika, kana pombi pachayo inogona kusashanda nemazvo. Somugumisiro, simba rekupa injini rinovhiringidzika uye kukanganisa kwesimba hakuzotora nguva refu;
  

  Kazhinji simba reinjini rinodonha nekuda kwekutadza kwepombi yemafuta.
• matambudziko emutsetse wemafuta. Nekufamba kwenguva, vanogona kurasikirwa nekusimba kwavo, kungave nekuda kwekupfeka kwemuviri kana kukuvara kwemagetsi. Chigumisiro chichava chakafanana: mhepo inotanga kupinda muhutori hwemafuta, iyo isingafaniri kuvapo. Kuumbwa kwemafuta musanganiswa kuchachinja, kuchava kuonda, uye motokari "inobatwa nemuswe";
• jekiseni kukundikana. Vanogona kukundikana kana kuvharika. Somugumisiro, nzira yejojo ​​yemafuta mumakamuri anopisa inovhiringidzika, uye injini inorasikirwa nesimba;
• kukundikana kweimwe kana mamwe masensa mumotokari yemagetsi control unit. Zvishandiso izvi zvine basa rekuunganidza data, zvichibva pane dzakasiyana siyana dzeinjini uye mafuta system inobatidzwa (kana kudzimwa). Masensa anokanganisa anoendesa ruzivo rwusina kururama kune yemagetsi unit. Somugumisiro, kushanda kwejini uye hurongwa hwemafuta kunovhiringidzwa, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kukukundikana kwesimba;
• matambudziko enguva. Iyo gasi yekugovera michina marongero anogona kuenda zvisirizvo nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvinowanzoitika nekuda kweiyo nguva cheni inotambanudzwa uye inodonha zvishoma. Somugumisiro, magasi ekuparadzira gasi anovhiringidzika, uye chidimbu chesoti zvishoma nezvishoma chinoonekwa mumakamuri ekupisa, izvo zvisingabvumiri mavharuvhu kuvhara zvakasimba. Magasi kubva mukupisa kwemafuta emusanganiswa anoputika kubva mumakamuri ekupisa, achipisa injini. Panguva imwecheteyo, simba rayo rinoderera, iro rinonyanya kuoneka kana richikurumidza.
  

  Iyo nguva cheni yakatambanudzwa uye yakanyungudika, izvo zvakakonzera kurasikirwa kweinjini simba

Pamota dzipi uye nei dambudziko richiitika

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, kurasikirwa kwesimba mu60% yezviitiko zvinosanganiswa nemafuta akaipa. Saka, chekutanga, dambudziko rine chekuita nemotokari dzinoda mafuta. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• BMW, Mercedes uye Volkswagen mota. Michina yese iyi inoda peturu yemhando yepamusoro. Uye kazhinji kune matambudziko nazvo pazviteshi zvepeturu;
• Motokari dzeNissan neMitsubishi. Nzvimbo isina simba yemotokari dzakawanda dzeJapan ipombi yemafuta uye masefa ayo, ayo varidzi vanowanzokanganwa kutarisa;
• classic VAZ mhando. Masisitimu avo emafuta, pamwe nemasisitimu ekudzima moto, haana kumbobvira agadzikana. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune yekare carburetor modhi.

Nzira yekuziva sei chikonzero chekushaya injini kusunda

Kuti uone kuti nei mota isingadhonze, mutyairi anofanira kuita nekubvisa:

• kutanga, kunaka kwepeturu kunotariswa;
• ipapo hurongwa hwekubatidza;
• mafuta system;
• timing system.

Funga nezvezviito zvemuridzi wemotokari, zvichienderana nezvikonzero zvakakonzerwa nei injini yakarasika.

Peturu yemhando yakashata

Kutevedzana kwezviito munyaya iyi kunogona kuva sezvinotevera:

1. Hafu yemafuta inodururwa kubva mutangi. Panzvimbo payo, mafuta matsva anodururwa, anotengwa pane imwe nzvimbo yegesi. Kana kusundirwa kwakadzoka, dambudziko raive mupeturu, uye dzimwe sarudzo hadzigone kutariswa.
2. Kana mutyairi asingadi kuderedza peturu, asi ane chokwadi chokuti dambudziko riri mumafuta, unogona kungoongorora spark plugs. Semuenzaniso, kana peturu iine tsvina yakawanda yesimbi, ipapo siketi uye spark plug electrode ichafukidzwa neyakajeka soot. Kana muine hunyoro mupeturu, makenduru anozochena. Kana zviratidzo izvi zvikawanikwa, mafuta anofanira kudonhedzwa, hurongwa hwehuni hunoputika uye gasi rinoshandurwa.
   

   Kupfeka kuchena pamakenduru kunoratidza hurombo husina kunaka peturu

Yakarasika zvigadziriso zvinobatidza

Kazhinji chiitiko ichi chinoperekedzwa nekugogodza nguva dzose kwepiston. Ichi chiratidzo chekugogodza injini. Kana mutyairi ane ruzivo, anogona kuzvimiririra kugadzirisa kupisa. Ngatienzanisirei izvi nemuenzaniso weVAZ 2105:

1. Iyo spark plug haina kuvharwa kubva kune yekutanga silinda. Gomba rekenduru rakavharwa neplug, uye crankshaft inotendeutswa zvinyoro nyoro nekiyi kusvikira tambo yekubatidza yawanikwa.
   

   Kenduru yacho haina kuvharwa nekenduru yakakosha
2. Pane notch pane crankshaft pulley. Inofanirwa kusanganiswa nenjodzi pane cylinder block cover.
   

   Mavara ari pachivharo uye crankshaft anofanira kuenderana.
3. Muparadzi anotendeuka kuitira kuti slider yake iende kune yakakwira-voltage waya.
4. Kenduru inoputirwa kune waya, crankshaft inoshandurwa zvakare nekiyi. Mhepo pakati pematanho ekenduru inofanira kuitika zvakanyanya pakupera kwekumanikidza sitiroko.
5. Mushure meizvi, muparidzi anogadziriswa nekiyi 14, kenduru inoputirwa munzvimbo inogara uye yakabatanidzwa kune yakakwirira-voltage waya.

Vhidhiyo: kuisirwa kwemagetsi kupisa pa "classic"

Maitiro ekuisa electronic ignition VAZ classic

Asi kwete pamotokari dzese, maitiro ekugadzirisa kupisa ari nyore. Kana muridzi wemotokari asina ruzivo rwakakodzera, pane imwe chete sarudzo: enda kubasa remotokari.

Fuel system matambudziko

Nezvimwe zvinetso mugadziriro yemafuta, mutyairi anogona kuzvionera ega. Semuenzaniso, anogona kushandura sefa yakavharwa mupombi yepeturu kana pombi pachayo nemaoko ake. Mumotokari dzakawanda, chigadzirwa ichi chiri pasi peimba yekabhini, uye kuti usvike pairi, iwe unongoda kusimudza mat uye kuzarura hatch yakakosha. Zvakare, pombi inogona kuwanikwa pasi pepasi pemuchina. Heino muenzaniso wekutsiva pombi paMercedes-Benz E-class Estate:

1. Mota inoiswa paflyover kana paburi rekuona.
2. Pombi iri pamberi petangi remafuta. Iyo inoiswa pasi pepurasitiki casing, iyo yakasungirirwa nemarashi. Chivharo chinobviswa nemaoko.
   

   Plastic casing yepombi yemafuta, yakabatwa nemagetsi
3. Dhishi duku rinoiswa pasi kuti ribvise peturu kubva pahosi.
4. Kune rumwe rutivi, pombi inosungirirwa kune pombi yehuni ine clamp. Bhaudhi riri pachibatiso rinosunungurwa nePhillips screwdriver. Kune rumwe rutivi, chigadziro chinogara pamabhoti maviri 13. Izvo hazvina kuvharwa neine yakazaruka-kuguma wrench.
   

   Iyo yekusungirira papombi hose inosunungurwa nescrewdriver
5. Iyo pombi inobviswa uye inotsiviwa neimwe itsva. Chivharo chekudzivirira chinodzorerwa kunzvimbo yayo yepakutanga.
   

   Iyo pombi itsva yakaiswa, inoramba ichidzorera chivharo chekudzivirira panzvimbo yayo

Chinhu chakakosha: basa rese rinoitwa mumagirazi nemagirovhosi. Mafuta anomwayiwa mumaziso anogona kukonzera upofu. Imba umo muchina wacho wakamira inofanira kunge yakanyatsofefeterwa uye hapafanirwe kunge paine mabviro emoto wakavhurika pedyo.

Asi iyo serviceability yemajekiseni inotariswa pane yakakosha kumira, iyo inongori munzvimbo yebasa. Inoitawo kuongororwa kwemitsara yemafuta uye kutarisa kusimba kwavo. Kunyange muridzi wemotokari ane ruzivo haakwanise kuwana uye kugadzirisa zvese izvi zvinokanganisa ega pasina michina yakakosha.

Kukanganisa muECU uye nguva

Kana uchigadzirisa matambudziko aya, zvakare, munhu haagone kuita pasina diagnostic midziyo uye inokwanisa auto mechanic. Mutyairi ane ruzivo achakwanisa kuzvimiririra kushandura sagging nguva cheni pamotokari yeVAZ. Kuita zvakafanana pamotokari yakagadzirwa kunze kwenyika kuchave kwakaoma zvikuru. Izvo zvakafanana ndezvechokwadi kune control unit.

Iyo injini yekudzora unit kubva kumota yeMercedes haigone kugadzirwa mugaraji

Iwe haugone kuzviyedza pasina midziyo yakakosha. Saka kana mutyairi akagara achitonga matambudziko nemafuta, kupisa, hurongwa hwemafuta uye inoramba ichingotarisa ECU uye nguva, mota ichafanirwa kuendeswa kubasa remotokari.

Inofungidzirwa kugadzirisa mutengo

Mutengo wekuongorora uye kugadzirisa unoenderana nemhando yemotokari uye nemitengo panzvimbo yebasa. Nokudaro, nhamba dzinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, kuchengetedza motokari dzeGermany kunowanzoita mari yakawanda kupfuura yeJapan neRussia. Nemapoinzi ese aya akatariswa, mitengo inotaridzika seizvi:

• kutarisa hurongwa hwemafuta, kutsiva pombi uye mafirita - kubva ku4 kusvika ku8 zviuru zveRubles;
• kuchenesa uye kutsiva nozzles - kubva 3 kusvika 12 zviuru rubles;
• kutarisa uye kugadzirisa nguva - kubva pa5 kusvika ku18 zviuru rubles;
• kombiyuta diagnostics uye kutsiva sensors - kubva 2 kusvika 8 zviuru rubles.

Matanho ekudzivirira

Mushure mekudzorera injini yekufambisa, mutyairi anofanira kungwarira kuti dambudziko rirege kumuka mune ramangwana. Heano mamwe matanho ekudzivirira:

• kudzora kunaka kwemafuta. Kamwe kamwe pamwedzi, unofanirwa kuongorora ma spark plugs ebrown soot uye chena deposits;
• kugadzirisa panguva. Kuwanda kwechiitiko ichi kunoenderana nemuenzaniso wemotokari. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vatyairi havapfuure inotevera MOT, kana nekuda kwekushaiwa mari, kana nekuda kwehusimbe hwebhanari. Asi kunyange kana zvichiita kumuridzi wemotokari kuti zvinhu zvose zvakarongeka nemotokari, zviri kure nechokwadi chokuti zvakadaro. Uye iwe unogona kuziva chete nerubatsiro rwekuongorora midziyo. Saka hazvikurudzirwe zvachose kuregeredza kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi;
• kutarisa tension yenguva. Pakuedzwa kwakadaro, hapana unyanzvi hunokosha hunodiwa. Zvakakwana kusunungura mabhaudhi pachivharo chenguva uye kudhonza ketani neruoko. Kana iyo inonyunguduka yakawanda, muridzi wemotokari achainzwa pakarepo;
• kutarisa mafirita papombi yemafuta. Chimwe chiyero icho vatyairi vazhinji vanokanganwa nezvazvo. Kamwe kwemavhiki matatu, vhura hatch yepombi uye ongorora mamiriro emasefa. Pamotokari dzeGermany, dzinosvibiswa nokukurumidza, dzichifunga nezvehutano hwemafuta epamba. Masefa ane tsvina anofanira kuchinjwa pakarepo.
  

  Kana mafirita ari mupombi yemafuta ane tsvina, anofanira kuchinjwa pakarepo.

Saka, kurasikirwa kwekudhonza nemotokari idambudziko rakawanda. Kuti azvigadzirise, mutyairi anofanirwa kupfuura zvese zvingasarudzwa kwenguva yakareba, achiita nenzira yekubvisa. Kazhinji, dambudziko rinozove rakadzikira-mhando mafuta. Asi kana zvisiri, saka pasina yakazara-yakazara komputa diagnostics uye nerubatsiro rwevanokwanisa mechanics, haungakwanise kuzviona.