Varwi veChinese vachangoburwa chikamu 1

Varwi vekupedzisira veChinese

Nhasi, People's Republic of China ine yechitatu mauto makuru emuchadenga pasi rose, padanho nendege yekuAmerica neRussia. Dzinobva pavarwi vangangosvika mazana matanhatu evarwi vehondo, vakaenzana neF-600 neF-15 varwi veUS Air Force. Mumakore achangopfuura, nhamba yendege itsva (J-16, J-10, Su-11, Su-27) yakawedzera zvakanyanya, basa riri kuitika pachizvarwa chitsva chendege (J-30 uye J-20 varwi vari yakagadzirwa uchishandisa tekinoroji yakaderera). Zvombo zvinotungamirirwa uye zvenguva refu zviri kuwedzera kukosha. Panguva imwecheteyo, PRC haina kukurira zvachose matambudziko akafanana nenyika dzichiri kusimukira, kunyanya mukugadzira nekugadzirwa kwejet injini uye avionics.

Indasitiri yekuChina yekubhururuka nendege yakavakwa kubva pakutanga mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Rubatsiro rwakakura kuPRC panguva iyoyo rwakapihwa neUSSR, iyo yakatora chikamu mukusikwa kweindasitiri yemauto eChinese, kusanganisira nendege, kusvika pakuderera kwakanyanya kwehukama pakati penyika mbiri idzi, kwakaitika muhafu yechipiri yemakumi manomwe.

Plant Nhamba 112 muShenyang yakava yekutanga bhizinesi guru rekubhururuka muChina. Kuvaka kwakatanga muna 1951, uye makore maviri gare gare chirimwa ichi chakatanga kugadzira zvikamu zvekutanga zvendege. Yakanga yakarongwa kutanga kugadzira MiG-15bis varwi seJ-2, asi zvirongwa izvi hazvina kuitika. Pane kudaro, Factory No. 112 yakatanga kubudisa MiG-15UTI mauto maviri evarairidzi seJJ-2. MuHarbin, kugadzirwa kweinjini dzejeti dzeRD-45F kwavari kwakatangwa.

Muna 1955, kugadzirwa kwemvumo yeMiG-17F varwi pasi penhamba J-5 kwakatanga muShenyang, pakutanga kubva kune zvikamu zvakapiwa kubva kuU.SR. Yekutanga yakagadzirwa neChinese-yakakwana J-5 yakabhururuka musi waChikunguru 13, 1956. Injini dzeWK-1F dzendege idzi dzakagadzirwa kuShenyang Liming seWP-5. Iyo J-5 yakagadzirwa kusvika 1959, uye 767 michina yerudzi urwu yakakungurutswa kubva pamutsetse wegungano. Panguva imwe chete nekuvakwa kwemashopu mashanu makuru efekitori, nzvimbo yekutsvagisa uye yekuvaka yakarongwa muShenyang, inozivikanwa seInstitute No. 601. Basa rake rekutanga raive kusikwa kweiyo zvigaro zviviri zvekudzidzira shanduro yeJ-5 fighter - JJ-5 . Shanduro yakadaro, i.e. kaviri MiG-17, yakanga isiri muUSSR. Iyo prototype JJ-5 yakaenda kumhepo muna Chivabvu 6, 1966, uye muna 1986 1061 mota dzerudzi urwu dzakanga dzavakwa. Ivo vaifambiswa neWK-1A injini, yakasarudzwa munharaunda WP-5D.

Musi wa17 Zvita 1958, yekutanga J-6A, iyo ine rezinesi vhezheni yeMiG-19P murwi, ine radar inoona, yakasimuka muShenyang. Nekudaro, hunhu hwendege dzakagadzirwa neSoviet hwakanga husina kunaka zvekuti kugadzirwa kwakamiswa uye sarudzo yakaitwa yekuiendesa kune chirimwa chiri muNanchang, uko kwakatangwa marezinesi ekugadzirwa kwevarwi vakafanana J-6B (MiG-19PM) panguva imwe chete. chombo chemhepo-ku-mhepo -1 (RS-2US). Yekutanga J-6B kuNanchang yakatanga musi wa28 Gunyana 1959. Zvisinei, hapana chakauya pane izvi, uye muna 1963, basa rose rine chinangwa chokutanga kugadzirwa kweJ-6A uye J-6B rakazopedzwa. Munguva iyi, kuedza kwakaitwa muShenyang kusimbisa kugadzirwa kwe "nyore" J-6 fighter (MiG-19S), pasina radar kuona. Kopi yokutanga yakasimudzwa mumhepo pana September 30, 1959, asi nguva ino hapana chakabuda. Kugadzirwa kweJ-6 hakuna kutangwazve kusvikira makore mashoma gare gare, mushure mekunge vashandi vawana ruzivo rwakakodzera uye nekuvandudzwa kwemhando yekugadzira (inofanira kuyeukwa, zvisinei, kuti, kusiyana nemamiriro ekare emhando iyi, rubatsiro rweSoviet haruna kushandiswa panguva ino. ) Yekutanga J-6 yeitsva yakatevedzana yakatanga munaGunyana 23, 1963. Makore gumi gare gare, imwe "isina-radar" shanduro yeJ-6C yakaiswa mukugadzirwa muShenyang (ndege yemuenzaniso yakaitika musi waNyamavhuvhu 6, 1969. ) Pakazara, ndege yeChinese yakagamuchira vanenge 2400 J-6 fighters; mamwe mazana akati wandei akagadzirwa kuti atengeswe kunze. Mukuwedzera, 634 JJ-6-zvigaro zvevarairidzi varwi vakavakwa (kugadzirwa kwakamiswa muna 1986, uye rudzi rwakabviswa chete muna 2010). Iyo WP-6 (RD-9B) injini dzakavakwa pakutanga kuShenyang Liming, ipapo kuChengdu.

Imwe ndege yakabudiswa muShenyang yaiva J-8 twin-injini interceptor uye kugadziriswa kwayo J-8-II. Sarudzo yekugadzira ndege yakadaro yakaitwa muna 1964, uye yaive yekutanga ndege yekuChina yakagadziridzwa inenge yakazara mumba. Iyo prototype J-8 yakatanga muna Chikunguru 5, 1969, asi kudzvinyirirwa kwemugadziri mukuru Liu Hongzhi panguva yeGreat Proletarian Cultural Revolution muChina kwakakonzera kunonoka kukuru kwebasa paJ-8, iyo yakanga isina mugadziri mukuru. kwemakore akawanda. makore. Kugadzirwa kweseri kweiyo J-8 uye yakakwidziridzwa J-8-I yakaitwa muna 1985-87. Ndege yakabva yapera basa zvachose, saka muna 1980 basa rakatanga pashanduro yemazuva ano ine radar yemhando yepamusoro-soro yekuona muuta nepamabatiro panzvimbo panzvimbo yepakati. Yaifanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa nezvombo zvinokandwa zviri pakati nepakati zvichienda kumhepo. Imwe prototype yendege iyi yakasimuka musi waChikumi 12, 1984, uye muna 1986 yakaiswa mukugadzirwa, asi mumutsauko weJ-8-IIB chete ndimo maive nepfuti yakaunzwa muchimiro chesemi-active radar-inotungamirwa PL-11. zvombo zvinokandwa. Pakazara, muna 2009, vanenge 400 varwi verudzi urwu vakavakwa, vamwe vavo vakagadziriswa panguva yekushanda.

Muchikamu chechipiri chemakumi mapfumbamwe, iyo Shenyang chirimwa chakatanga kupihwa rezenisi kugadzirwa kweRussia Su-27SK varwi, vanozivikanwa pasi pezita renzvimbo J-11 (zvimwe pamusoro penyaya iyi zvinogona kuwanikwa mune imwe nyaya munyaya ino).

Yechipiri huru yefekitari yekurwira ndege muChina iFactory No. 132 muChengdu. Kugadzirwa kwakatanga ipapo muna 1964 (kuvaka kwakatanga muna 1958) uye pakutanga idzi dzaive ndege yeJ-5A (J-5 ine radar kuona; vangangove vasiri vatsva, asi vakangovakwa patsva) uye ndege dzeJJ-5 dzakaunganidzwa kubva kuzvikamu zvakaunzwa kubva kuShenyang. . . Pakupedzisira, zvakadaro, yaifanira kunge iri MiG-21F-13 (J-7) murwi, inokwanisa kaviri kumhanya kweruzha uye yakashongedzerwa neR-3S (PL-2) inotungamirwa nemhepo-ku-mhepo makomba, homing. kutungamira infrared. Zvisinei, kutanga kugadzirwa kweJ-7 mufekitari ine vashandi vasina ruzivo rwakanga rwuri dambudziko guru, saka kugadzirwa kweJ-7 kwakatanga kutanga muShenyang, kutanga kubhururuka musi wa17 Ndira 1966. MuChengdu, aingova gore nehafu chete gare gare, asi kugadzirwa kwakazara kwakatanga makore matatu chete gare gare. Mune shanduro dzakatevera dzakagadziridzwa, vanenge 2500 J-7 fighters vakavakwa, kugadzirwa kwacho kwakaguma muna 2013. Mukuwedzera, muna 1986-2017. muGuizhou, shanduro yezvigaro zviviri zveJJ-7 yakagadzirwa (chirimwa chacho chakapawo zvikamu zvekuvakwa kweJ-7 ndege yehondo muChengdu). WP-7 (R11F-300) injini dzakavakwa muShenyang Liming uye gare gare Guizhou Liyang. Iyo yekupedzisira chirimwa yakagadzirawo yakakwidziridzwa WP-13 yevatsva varwi (marudzi ese einjini akashandiswawo muJ-8 fighters).