Injini octane nhamba uye injini kuita paramita. Chii chinonzi octane nhamba yepeturu?

Nhamba ye octane chii?

Nhamba yeOctane ndiyo parameter inotaridza kuramba kwemafuta akapihwa kuti detonation. Muinjini yega yega-inobatidza, musanganiswa wemhepo/mafuta unobatidza panguva chaiyo chaiyo. Aya mayunitsi akagadzirwa nenzira yekuti kupisa kurege kuitika nekutora chikamu chesimba rakagadzirwa chete nenzira ye spark. Naizvozvo, peturu injini kazhinji ine yakaderera compression reshiyo pane compression ignition injini (dzinopisa nekumanikidzwa).

Kana nhamba ye octane yakanyanya kuderera, kupisa kusingadzoreki mu cylinder kunogona kuitika panguva yekupisa. Kuitika kwavo kunowanikwa munharaunda uye kunoitika kusati kwaitika kupisa kwemafuta-mhepo musanganiswa. Izvi hazvisi kungokanganisa kumutyairi, anogona kunzwa kugogodza kana injini ichimhanya. Chiitiko chenguva refu chekuputika kusingadzoreki kunobatsira pakuparadzwa kwechikamu chemagetsi chemotokari.

Chii chinonzi octane nhamba yepeturu? Nzira yekuverenga sei kuumbwa kwemafuta?

Pazviteshi zvepeturu, uchawana peturu ine octane chiyero che95 kana 98. Rudzi rwekupedzisira rwehuturu runopokana ne detonation combustion (knock combustion). Nekudaro, nzira yekuyera iyo anti-knock zvivakwa zvemafuta inoitwa sei? Zviyero zvakakosha uye injini dzekuyedza dzinoshandiswa pane izvi. Zvinhu zvekutanga kutanga.

Iko kukosha kunodiwa kuona huwandu hweoctane yepeturu ndeyekuenzanisa kugona kwayo kupisa nemafuta maviri emafuta - n-heptane uye isooctane. Wokutanga wavo anopisa zvakanyanya uye anogamuchira kukosha kwemamiriro "0". Isooctane, pane zvinopesana, ine yakanakisa zvimiro zveariphatic hydrocarbons mumafuta. Naizvozvo, kukosha kwayo kwakatsanangurwa se "100".

Zvadaro, iwe unoda injini yekuedza. Inoshanda uchishandisa musanganiswa wakakodzera we isooctane uye n-heptane. Kana musanganiswa wemafuta wakagadzirirwa kuongororwa, uine huwandu husina kujeka hweoctane, inopa mamiriro ekushanda einjini semusanganiswa wezvinhu zviviri zviri pamusoro, zvinotora nhamba ye octane pamwero we isooctane muzana.

Semuenzaniso: Nyaya yakashandiswa pabvunzo yaive 80% isooctane uye 20% n-heptane. Injini yaimhanya pamusanganiswa wemafuta ine hunhu husina kujeka uye yakagamuchira hunhu hwakafanana nemusanganiswa wemafuta uri pamusoro. musanganiswa wemahydrocarbon maviri. Chii chiri mhedziso? Octane huwandu hwepeturu i80.

Mafuta octane ratings - RON uye MON

Parizvino, maitiro akati wandei anoshandiswa kuona huwandu hwenhamba dzeoctane dzemafuta chaiwo. Izvi:

• RON (Tsvakurudzo yeAcetate Number);
• YANGU (Octane injini);
• DON/WHO (mudiwa octane nhamba / Antiknock index).

RON nzira

Iyo RON yekuyedza maitiro inoshandisa imwe-cylinder injini inomhanya ichienderera pa600 rpm. Munguva yebasa rekutenderera, chiyero chayo chekumanikidza chinogara chichiwedzerwa kuti uone iyo octane rating yepeturu. Rudzi urwu rwekuyera rwakanaka pakuona mamiriro ekushanda emuchina wakaremerwa. 

PN nzira

Mamiriro acho akasiyana nemaitiro eMON. A single-cylinder unit ine variable compression ratio inoshandiswawo. Nekudaro, inomhanya pa900 rpm. Nokudaro, inoratidza zvakanaka zvinoitika panguva yekushanda kwechigadzirwa pasi pemutoro unorema. 

Maitiro DON/OPP

Kune DON / AKI maitiro ekuyera, RON + MON / 2 maitiro anoverengerwa. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo nhamba ye octane inotarirwa muU.SA, Canada nedzimwe nyika.

Sei uchigadzira mafuta ane akasiyana octane ratings?

Chekutanga pane zvese, mamiriro ekushanda emunhu ega ekutyaira anosiyana kubva kune mumwe. Yakasunungurwa anenge makore makumi matatu apfuura, iyo Audi 30 modhi ine 80 hp 2.0 injini. yaive nereshiyo yekumanikidza ye90:9.0. Nezviyero zvemazuva ano, chigumisiro ichi hachishamisi, saka nokuda kwekushanda kwakarurama kwechikwata ichi, peturu ine octane rating ye 1. Zvisinei, teknolojia inotarisirwa kune ecology, hupfumi uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwepamusoro. Mazda yakaunza injini yepeturu ye95:14 ine simba rakawanda uye kuderera kwemafuta.

Uye kana iwe ukazadza mumotokari ine high compression ratio ine yakaderera-octane peturu?

Pane mukana wakanaka wekuti injini irege kushanda zvakanaka kana uchishandisa mafuta anokurudzirwa nemugadziri. Inogona kusangana nematenderedzwa e-detonation uye ruzha runokanganisa. Mumotokari dzine simba rekugadzirisa nguva yekudzima yepeturu inoshandiswa ikozvino, hapana chichachinja mutsika yejini, asi inenge iine simba shoma. 

Ko kana yakaderera compression injini ikawana 98 octane peturu? 

Mukuita, izvi zvinogona kureva ... hapana zvachose. Kana iyo unit isina kuchinjirwa kushanda pa-high-octane mafuta (hapana nzira yekuzvimiririra kugadzirisa kona yepamberi), mota inogona kutorasikirwa nekurasikirwa.

Sezvo iyo octane nhamba yepeturu inowedzera, kukosha kwesimba kunoderera. Naizvozvo, semuenzaniso, mota dzakashongedzerwa neLPG dzinofanirwa kugashira dosi hombe yepeturu iyi kuitira kuti iwane kuita kwakafanana, sezvakaita peturu (LPG ine "LO" inodarika zana). 

Naizvozvo, nyaya dzakaita senge "dzakadurura 98 uye dzaifanira kubata chidhiraivho zvakasimba!" iwe unogona kuisa zvakachengeteka pakati pengano.

Mazwi mashoma nezve detonation combustion

Iwe unotoziva kuti iyo isiriyo mafuta octane chiyero cheimwe injini inogona kutungamira mukugogodza kupisa. Asi chii chaizvo chaityisidzira? Chekutanga pane zvese, iyo isingadzoreki uye yakanyanyisa nguva yekuputika kwemafuta inokonzera kuderera kwekuita kunowanikwa neyuniti. Mota dziri kushandiswa pari zvino dzine masensa ekudzivirira kubva pakushanda kweinjini yakadai. Mukuita, ivo vanobatsira mukuwedzera nguva yekubatidza kuitira kuti inonoke.

Kutyaira kwenguva yakareba pamafuta asiri iwo kunogona kukuvadza sensor iri pamusoro. Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwekushanda kwechikwata kunobatsirawo kuderera kwesimba revhavha uye zvigaro zvevhavha, pamwe chete nepiston uye yose crank system. simbaInjini dzisingashandisi mafuta anosangana nezvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri anogona kutadza zvachose, semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekutsva kwemakomba mumakorona episton.

Mafuta eoctane akakwira anoshandiswa kupi?

Yakakwira octane mafuta anobatsira mujaho remotokari uye mamwe makwikwi emotokari uko kunoshandiswa mota dzine simba. Zvisinei, kukosha kweinjini dzemhando iyi hakusi mumafuta, asi mukugadziriswa kunoitwa mavari. Kazhinji wedzera compression reshiyo, kuderedza nguva yekubatidza, wedzera turbocharging uye nitrous oxide jekiseni. Mumagadzirirwo akadaro, iyo octane nhamba yepeturu yakakosha nekuda kwekudzivirira kubva mukupisa kunokuvadza, kunowedzera zvakanyanya.

Sezvaunogona kuona, kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekusarudza neunyanzvi rudzi rwemafuta emotokari yako. Kuti urege kuiparadza, tinokurudzira kuti unamatira kune index inoratidzwa nemugadziri. Ipapo iwe unogona kunakidzwa nekunyarara uye kusinganetse kushanda kweyuniti yako. kureba!