Kudyisa kana hunyanzvi hwekukwira kwemitengo

1000 uye 1 nzira yekuifuridza mubronchi

Hondo Yenyika II isati yatanga, kudyisa kwakashanda zvinoshamisa pamudhudhudhu. Yakura zvakanyanya nekuda kweindasitiri yendege, sezvo injini dzendege dzakarasikirwa nesimba guru apo dzaikwira. Zvinotyisa kuremara mukurwa kwemuchadenga! Kubhururuka kwendege, zvombo uye kugadzira midhudhudhu zvine hukama zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, BSA inomiririra Birmingham Small Arms!), Mudhudhudhu wakakwanisa kubatsirwa kubva mukufambiswa kwehunyanzvi. Funga kuti muna 1939 compressor flats yeBMW 500 yakagadzira shanduko shoma kubva pa80 hp. kusvika 8000 rpm uye yakasvika 225 km / h!

Saka isu takanga tiri munzira chaiyo, asi pakati peakakurumbira aerodynamic "marara" fairings neinjini dzakakurisa, midhudhudhu yakasvika nekumhanya kunoshamisa uye, pamusoro pezvose, zvine njodzi. Izvi tinofanira kuzviisa mumamiriro ezvinhu epanguva, nematai pamwe nemabhureki akanga akafukidzwa zvikuru uye zvivakwa zvakanga zvisina. Takatarisana nekuuraya kwakawanda, mitemo yakashandurwa uye pakazogadzirwa World Cup muna 1949, kuwandisa kwakarambidzwa kubva kumakwikwi. Mushure mekumira uku, maitiro anonetseka kusimuka zvakare pamudhudhudhu. Chokwadi, nzira yekusimudzira matekinoroji anowedzera zvakanyanya kugadzirwa pasina kuvimba nemakwikwi? Muchokwadi, nzvimbo yekutengeserana yemidhudhudhu yakakwirisa yakave yakazununguka uye yakapotsa yanyangarika kubva kurudzi rwevagadziri vese kwenguva yakareba. Zvisinei, kudyisa zvakanaka!

Turbo kupenga

Mumakore ekuma1980, Madokero, ayo asiri kupora kubva pakatanga mafuta kuvhunduka (1973), akaita "kudzikisira" kutanga kuderedza kushandiswa kweinjini. Mumotokari, kutama kukuru hakuchina mhepo mumaseiri, saka tinotanga kupinza mamotor madiki neturbocharger. F1 inoshandisa tekinoroji iyi pamutengo weiyo yakaenzana ichagara kwenguva yakareba: inoshuvira 3 Ls ine 1,5 Ls yakachajiswa. Nekukurumidza, iyo hondo ichave isina kuenzana, diki turbo inopwanya iyo huru "mhepo". Nekumanikidza kwechaji kusvika ku4 bar, iyo 1,5 litre qualification inowana 1200 hp. (!) apo 3L inenge hafu yakawanda. Mukufara kwakawanda, tekinoroji inofambira mberi mukusvetuka uye miganhu uye kudyisa kubva F1 kuenda kumota yega yega, ichitora mukana wakazara wemufananidzo wemukwikwidzi. Kutakurwa nesaisai, bhasikoro rinotanga nekubudirira kushoma. Idzo 4 mota dzeJapan dzakatengeswa panguva iyoyo hadzina kubudirira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushaya kuvimbika. Iwo anotyisa, ane yakakwira turbo mhinduro nguva uye anogara achitenderera, sezvo dhizaini yavo isina kunyanya kufemerwa. Honda chete ndiyo iri kudzokorora zvehungwaru kopi yayo, ichitsiva 500 CX yayo turbocharged ine yakabudirira shanduro ye650. Muchidimbu, turbo ichakurumidza kudzoka kubhokisi rayo uye haizokanganwiki ... Kusvikira Kawasaki achitiunzira hutsva uye hunoshamisa zvikuru. mudhudhudhu mukuru, iyo H2, asi panguva ino isina turbocharging. Chokwadi, kune chiuru uye nzira imwe yekuputitsa injini. Ngatinyatsoongororai.

Turbocharger

Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, yakavakirwa pamusanganiswa weturbine uye compressor. Nheyo iyi ndeye kushandisa simba rakasara remagasi emhepo kutyaira turbine. Yakamisikidzwa pane shaft yakasungirirwa kune compressor yainotyaira chaizvo, inosundira magasi ekupinda mukati mayo. Iyo yakakwira yekupedza gasi kushandiswa, iyo yakawanda simba iyo turbine ine. Saka, pane hutera hushoma mune dzakaderera modes. Nhasi, madiki akasiyana-geometry turbocharger anenge adzima chikanganiso ichi. Yakaiswa pama hydraulic bearings, iyo turbo inogona kumhanya pa300 rpm !!!

A plus: "Yemahara" yakawanazve simba / yakanaka kushandisa

Zvidiki Kushanda zvine mwero pane yakaderera rpms. Kurumidza kupindura nguva. Mechanical kuoma uye nzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya dzakaoma kudzora. (Tubo inogona kutsvuka!). Kunetsa kuchaja silinda imwe.

Mechanical compressors

Pano, turbine inotsiviwa nemuchina pane injini, iyo saka inotyaira iyo yekumanikidza yekudyisa system pachayo. Izvi zvinonyatso kuchaja injini dzese, kunyangwe iyo diki volumetric single silinda. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana e compressor. Centrifugal, spiral, centrifugal-axial, paddles (iyi ndiyo mhinduro Peugeot yakasarudza kune yayo 125 scooters) uye volumetric.

The spade compressor (midzi mhando) inonzi volumetric. Inotyairwa nekumhanya padhuze neiyo injini, kana kunyange yakafanana, asi huwandu hwayo, huchikwirira kupfuura hwejini, magasi anosundirwa nemuchina kune kutora. Kunyatsotaura, hapana kudzvinyirira kwemukati mune compressor, asi nekuti inoshanda kupfuura saizi yeinjini, pane yakawandisa uye saka yakawedzera simba.

Mamwe maitiro anoshandisa turbines anotenderera nekumhanya kwakanyanya uye nekudaro kudzvanya magasi necentrifugal force. PaKawasaki H2, compressor inosveta magasi mukati mayo uye inoasundira kunze kweturbine. Ndiyo yakanyanya kutenderera kumhanya inogadzira chiitiko ichi. Yakabatanidzwa ku crankshaft nemagiya epicyclic, inomhanya ka9,2 nekukurumidza, ichipa ingangoita 129 rpm kana injini inokwira kusvika 000 rpm! Saka, chiyero chekubuda hachina kunyatso mutsara semuchikamu checompressor, nekuti iyo volumetric inoshanda ye centrifugal compressor inowedzera nekukurumidza, zvisinei iyo mechanic inoshanda iri nani.

Kuwedzera: Yenguva dzose kana iri padyo-inogara yakawandisa mwero, zvisinei nekudya, saka yakanakisa kuwanikwa uye torque kwese kwese. Hapana nguva yekupindura, hapana nzvimbo inopisa uye hapana inogona kudzoserwa kune ese injini, kunyangwe silinda imwe.

Mangwanani: simba rinoshandiswa kumanikidza injini haisi "yemahara", saka inokonzera kushandiswa kwakanyanya uye kuderera kwekuita

Compressor yemagetsi

Iyi ndiyo mhinduro parizvino iri kuedzwa muindasitiri yemotokari (muValeo): mota yemagetsi inotyaira compressor kusvika 70 rpm. Simba remagetsi rinogona kupihwa nejenareta rinodzoreredza rimwe resimba panguva yekudzikisa uye braking. Iyo compressor uye mota yayo inorema inosvika 000 kg.

Verenga zvakawanda: Iko hakuna mechanic yekubatanidza kune mota kana inopisa zone. Iko kugona kudzora iyo compressor painodiwa, iine akawanda ekuratidzira nguva yekumisikidza maitiro emota pane zvinodiwa. Hapana nguva yekupindura (inenge 350ms, zvichienzaniswa neanoda kusvika masekonzi maviri eturbocharging!)

Mangwanani: Nokuda kwemasimba emagetsi anobatanidzwa (kupfuura 1000 W) zvakaoma kukura pa 12V. Kutaura zvazviri, 42V ndima inofanira kutaridzirwa kuderedza kusimba kwemhepo.

Intercooler * Kesako?

* mhepo inotonhorera

Sezvinoonekwa nepombi yebhasikoro, mweya wakamanikidzwa unopisa. Izvi zvakashata kune mota uye zvinotora imwe nzvimbo (kuwedzera). Kuti utonhodze pasi, mweya wakamanikidzwa unopfuudzwa kuburikidza neradiator (inonziwo air / air exchanger kana air exchanger). Izvi zvinodzoreredza injini uye zvinowedzera mutoro uye / kana compression reshiyo mukufarira kushanda zvakanaka. Nekuda kwehukuru hwavo uye huremu, uye kuderera kwekupa kudzvanywa, midhudhudhu kazhinji haidi chinopisa chekupisa. Peugeot, zvisinei, yatora imwe pane yayo Satelis compressor.

Mumwe mutoro:

Wave effect compressors: Yakashandiswa naFerrari muFormula 1 muma1980s ikozvino yanyangarika. Nekudaro, isu taigona kuona paMilan Motor Show ye2016 kambani yakaunza dhiramu system inonzi "dhiramu charger" yaive yakasiyana zvakanyanya nemusimboti uye isinganyanyi kushanda pane "zvitima" zveFerrari. Pano, zvakare, iyo exhaust pressure puff inoshandiswa kutakura injini. Uku kudzvinyirira kwakanyanyisa kunofambisa diaphragm, rimwe divi rayo rinosangana zvakananga nedunhu rekutora. Iyo valve system inozokwesha magasi akabvumidzwa muinjini apo diaphragm inoderedza huwandu hwekutora. Kana dzvinyiriro yasunungurwa, chitubu chinodzorera diaphragm panzvimbo inosveta mumagasi matsva kuburikidza neseti yekutanga yemavharuvhu. Yakareruka kwazvo uye isingadhuri, iyi nzira inowana 15 kusvika 20% simba, nekuderera kushoma kwekushandisa nekuda kwekuwanikwa kukuru kweinjini pa low rpm.

Natural load: iyo inosanganisira kukwenya injini (sezvaunoridza chiridzwa) uye kushandisa pulsation mumhepo yekutora kuvandudza inflation. Izvi ndizvo zvinotsvakwa nehunyanzvi hwehurefu hwakasiyana-siyana pahupamhi hwekumhanya. Iyo yekuchaja yekumhanyisa inogona kusvika ku1,3. Kureva, iyo yakapihwa 1000 cm3 inopa hove nehuwandu hwe1300 cm3.

Dynamic kutorwa kwemhepo: Iyo nzira ndeye kushandisa kumhanya kwemudhudhudhu kusundira mweya mukati mekutora. Kuwana kwakanyanyisa: 2% pa200 km / h, 4% pa300 km / h. Ndiko kuti, 1000 cm3 inoita se 1040 cm3 kusvika 300 ... isu tinoshandisawo zvakanyanya kashoma uye kwenguva pfupi!

mhedziso

Tekinoroji inovimbisa kwazvo, kubhadharisa kuchiri kufanira kuratidza pamidhudhudhu. Kudzokera kwake kuna Endurance kunomuzarurira mikova. Zvechokwadi, kubva mumwaka we2017/2018, 3 cylinders kusvika 800 cm3 uye 2 cylinders kusvika 1000 cmXNUMX uye XNUMX cylinders kusvika kuXNUMX inobvumirwa muchikamu cheprototypes pamusoro pekubuda kwemhando itsva dzevakavaka muviri.