Kutarisa majekiseni einjini yedhiziri uye maitiro ekuachenesa kumba

Iyo dhiziri yemukati yekupisa injini (ICE) inhengo yakavimbika kwazvo. Zvimiro zveinjini yedhiziri inovimbisa kuiswa kweiyo yakakwira margin ekuchengetedza kunyangwe panguva yekuvandudza. Chaizvoizvo, matambudziko ayo ese ari kubuda akabatana chete nemidziyo yemafuta. Kunyanya, majekiseni emafuta (majekiseni) anova imwe yemabhodhoro.

Chii chingave chisina kunaka navo, isu tichazviona munyaya ino.

Nheyo yekushanda kwemajekiseni edhiziri

Basa ravo guru ndiro rakanakisa (rakaparadzirwa) mafuta atomization. Diesel inoshandisa mafuta edhiziri, kusiyana nepeturu, musanganiswa wezvikamu zvinorema zvekunatsa mafuta. Izvo zvakanyanya kuzeza kusanganisa nemhepo kuti iite kuwirirana kwakakodzera kutsva kwakakwana uye nekukurumidza.

Iyo yakapfava mudziyo ine nozzles hydromechanical mhando. Diesel mafuta anouya kwavari akaparadzana kubva kune ega ega ega ega epamusoro peni yekumanikidza pombi (TNVD). Kana kumwe kudzvanywa kwechikumbaridzo kwasvikwa panguva chaiyo, muromo unovhurika, uye mafuta anoyerwa nepombi supercharger anopinzwa mukamuri rinopisa, panguva imwe cheteyo achimwaya mumadonhwe madiki.

Mushure meizvozvo, kudzvinyirira kunodonha uye injector valve yakavharwa nechitubu chekudzoka. Kushanda kwematanho maviri kunogoneka, apo chikamu chiduku chekufambisa dhiziri chinotanga kupiwa, mushure mokunge chitubu chechipiri chinoshandiswa, uye iyo huru yemafuta inopiwa kune atomizer. Izvi zvinovandudza injini kushanda.

Iyo yakawedzera jekiseni system yave kurongeka kwayo pamusimboti weiyo yakajairika high-pressure njanji, iyo inonzi Zvakajairika Rail. Pano, iyo yakakwirira-yekumanikidza pombi yepombi inogadzira kumanikidzwa kunodiwa pane ese nozzles panguva imwe chete, uye inokonzereswa panguva yakakodzera nechiratidzo chemagetsi kubva kune control unit.

Izvo zvakave zvichigoneka kunyatso kugovera musanganiswa pamusoro pemasilinda, yakatsetseka dosing nekuda kwekudyisa kwakawanda mukati mekutenderera kumwe uye kupiswa kwemhando yepamusoro kwemafuta edhiziri ane injini yakapfava. Izvi zvinovimbiswa nekuvapo kwe electromagnet mune imwe jekiseni, iyo inodzora kuvhara-kuvhara valve.

Nhanho yaitevera kwaiva kuonekwa piezoelectric actuator yetsono yekupfapfaidza. Mhedzisiro yekushandura zviyero zvavo zvejometri nemamwe makristasi kana magetsi emagetsi akaiswa kwavari anoshandiswa.

Kusiyana neiyo electromagnetic drive, sangano rakadaro rinokutendera iwe kuti uwedzere zvakanyanya kumhanya kwemavharuvhu. Izvo zvakave zvichigoneka kuwedzera nhamba yezvikamu zvemafuta akapihwa pakurohwa kwecylinder. Chiyero chakamanikidzwa nekuda kwekuwedzera-kunowedzera zvinodiwa zvehushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza hweinjini dzedhiziri. Mishonga yakadaro inoratidzirwa nemutengo wakakwirira uye kusagadzirisa.

Kirasi yakaparadzana ndiyo inonzi jekiseni pombi. Ivo vanosiyaniswa nekusavapo kwepombi yepamusoro-inotsikirira mafuta muhurongwa, basa rayo rinoitwa nemaitiro emagetsi emakamera ecamshaft pane plunger pair yakavakwa mune imwe neimwe jekiseni yemafuta.

Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvishoma zvishoma nekuda kwehuwandu hwekukanganisa. Pakati pezvakanakira pano, chete kusavapo kwepombi yepamusoro-yekumanikidza, iyo inorerutsa michina.

Zviratidzo zvekusashanda zvakanaka

Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvinowanzokonzera kukanganisa:

• kuwedzera kuyerera kuburikidza nejekiseni (kufashukira);
• kuderera kwehutano hwemafuta atomization;
• kuderedzwa kwekuita kweasprayers ega ega.

Nekunze, izvi zvinoratidzika zvakangofanana, kunyangwe kuongororwa kwakadzama kwechimwe nechimwe chiitiko kuchakwanisa kuratidza mamiriro edambudziko.

1. Kubuda kweinjini kunoshanduka, uye simba rayo rinogona kudonha uye kuwedzera.
2. Injini inozotanga isina kugadzikana uye ichiita rough pasina chaanoita.
3. Mukufamba, majeki anooneka zvakajeka uye mapikicha anogona kuoneka aine chinzvimbo chakafanana cheiyo accelerator pedal.
4. Inzwi reinjini richachinja, kuoma, kuzununguka uye kunyange kugogodza mumasilinda kuchaonekwa.
5. Injini ichatanga kusvuta, iyo inopera inoshanduka dema, iyo inoratidza kuburitswa kwesoti - isina kupiswa hydrocarbon mafuta akasara.
6. Nhamba yemafuta mu crankcase ichatanga kukwira nekuda kwekupinda kwemafuta edhiziri yakawandisa ipapo.
7. Injini yemazuva ano inopisa mukati inozoona kusashanda kuburikidza nekuongorora kwemukati uye ichabatidza mwenje wekudzora pane chiridzwa.

Chero zvazvingava, kujekeswa kwezvikonzero kunoda kuongororwa kwega kwega majekiseni.

Diagnostics yemajekiseni kumba

Nehumwe dhigirii rekururama, zvinokwanisika kuverenga mudziyo wakashata mugaraji. Kutanga iwe unoda kuziva nzvimbo chaiyo yeinjector inofungidzira.

Iko kumhanya kweinjini yedhiziri inoregeredza inogadzikwa uye yakagadziriswa nenzira yekuti kushanda kwayo kusina kuenzana kunozviratidza zvakajeka sezvinobvira. Zvadaro, mune imwe yenzira dzakakodzera, kudzvinyirirwa kwemafuta kunobviswa kubva mumuromo, iyo iyo kusungirirwa kweiyo inlet kusungirirwa kunosunungurwa. Injector inoshanda inokonzeresa kuita kunoonekwa zvakanyanya kubva muinjini pane iyo ine kutsauka mukushanda.

Nzira yekuziva sei majekiseni nemaoko ako pachako? Anti-dambudziko rubric!

Pane jekiseni remagetsi, unogona kuyera kupokana kwemhepo ine solenoid ine multimeter. Kukosha kwayo kunogona kubva kumayuniti eohms kusvika pamakumi maviri, kunyanya iwe unogona kuwana kubva muzvinyorwa zvechimwe chishandiso. Chero zvazvingaitika, kuzorora kuchareva kutadza kwekoiri yakakwana.

Pane akareruka hydromechanical nozzles, unogona kuyera kudzvanywa kwekutanga kwevharuvhu kuvhura uchishandisa tee, yekumanikidza geji, uye inozivikanwa-yakanaka yekudzora chikamu. Shanduko muchirimo calibrations zvinogoneka, izvo zvinozoita kuti kona yejekiseni itendeuke.

Cheki chekufashukira (kudzorera mvura)

MuCommon Rail system, jekiseni inodzorwa uchishandisa yakakosha cheki vharafu, iyo yekuvhura iyo inogadzira inodiwa yekudonha kudonha pane huru valve stem, semhedzisiro iyo inovhurawo uye inopa silinda.

Kupfeka uye kusvibiswa kunokonzera mafuta akawandisa kuyerera mumutsara wekudzoka uye njanji inodonha. Motokari inotanga nekuoma kukuru.

Kuti utarise, mahosi ekudzosera anobviswa kubva kune ese nozzles, uye akajairwa akajeka mafurasiki emasirinji ekurapa ane machubhu kubva ku dropper masisitimu anoiswa panzvimbo. Kana injini ikamira, mabhunu anogona kushandiswa anoburitsa mafuta mashoma mumutsara wekudzoka, kazhinji mamirimita mashoma paminiti.

Anokanganisa achapa zvakapetwa kakawanda, kukosha kwacho kunoenderana nerudzi rwechishandiso uye injini, asi kana iyo yakawandisa pamusoro peiyo inogona kushandiswa iri katatu kana kupfuura, muromo unofanirwa kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa.

Diagnostic stand

Yakanaka nyanzvi injector test stand ine seti yezviyedzo zvenguva dzose izvo, pamusoro pekuratidza diagnostics, vanokwanisa kuona kusashanda zvakanaka kwakawanda.

Iyo yakapfava bhenji bvunzo inogadzirwa kuchengetedza iyo nozzle kushanda kumanikidza, pamwe nekugona kwayo kusvibiswa uye kupfeka. Chimiro chetochi chinotariswa nemaziso pakupfapfaidza mvura ine calibrated. Mano ekutanga echigadzirwa akatemwa, kana asina kuzadzikiswa, injector inorambwa zvisingaite.

Mimwe miedzo yakaoma inoona kana chikamu chiri pasi pekuedzwa chakakodzera kushanda mumamodhi ose kubva pakusashanda kusvika kune simba guru, chengetedza mhinduro yevhavha mu pre-injection modes, pamwe chete nemamiriro ekuongorora mavharuvhu.

Iyi ndiyo chete nzira yekuongorora iyo yakajairwa mamiriro uye kugona kuzadzisa yazvino emission miyero, pamwe nekufanotaura yasara sosi. Mhedzisiro yebasa rekumira kwehunyanzvi ichave iko kukodha yemamiriro emamiriro einjector.

Zvigadzirwa zvakakosha

Iwo ega ega mabasa emajekiseni anogona zvakare kutariswa neakasarudzika ekuisa.

Semuenzaniso, hydro-mechanical injectors inogona kuongororwa nemudziyo unogadzira mafuta ekumanikidza iyo valve inofanira kuzarura uye iva nechokwadi chokuti iri mukati memiganhu yakatarwa. Chigadzirwa chacho chine pombi yemaoko uye geji yekumanikidza.

Kune zvakare mamwe madhizaini akaomarara, ese ari maviri anosanganisirwa mune dhiziri testers uye kuzvitonga. Vanowanzo kuve vakashongedzerwa nebhunu kana yemagetsi jekiseni pombi, hydraulic accumulator, yekuyeresa michina, uye maflask akajeka ekudzora kuona. Kunokwanisika kuzvigadzira wega.

Diesel jekiseni kuchenesa

Mushure mekuongorora kuvepo kwedambudziko, mune dzimwe nguva zvinokwanisika kudzorera kushanda nekuchenesa kana kugadzirisa kwepakati maererano nekuoma. Inobvumirwa kubvisa kusvibiswa nemakemikari uye mechanical nzira.

Ultrasound

Kuratidzira kune yakakwira-frequency acoustic vibrations inoshanda chaizvo, kazhinji kunyangwe zvinyorwa zvinoiswa pafekitori nependi yakakosha zvinowanzogezwa kubva muzvikamu.

Iyo muromo yakabviswa inoiswa mubhati yakazadzwa nekuchenesa mvura, iyo ine simba ultrasound emitter yakabatana. Iyo yekuchenesa maitiro inotora anenge maminitsi makumi maviri, mushure mezvo zvigumisiro zvinotariswa pachigadziko.

Manozzles emazuva ano, ane akawanda akapfava epurasitiki zvikamu, anogona kutanga kushanda zvakanyanya kupfuura asati acheneswa, saka anofanirwa kutariswa kune ese ma parameter, uye kwete chete emhando yemwenje.

Kuchenesa pachigadziko

Mushonga wakakosha wekutsvaira unodirwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kuburikidza nejekiseni rakasvibiswa, iro rinoshanda zvakanyanya.

Iyi ndiyo nzira inovimbika yekuchenesa, sezvo chikamu chacho hachina kuzviisa pasi pehupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hunoparadza, uye zvinhu zvose zvinotarisa pakuparara kwedhipositi uye kusvibiswa.

Panguva imwecheteyo, uchishandisa chigadziko chimwechete, migumisiro yebasa inotariswa, mushure mezvo zvichave zvichibvira kuita sarudzo yakarurama pamusoro pekugona kwekuwedzera kushandiswa kwe sprayers.

Kushandisa additives

Pakutengesa kune nhamba huru yezvakasiyana-siyana zvekuchenesa zvekushandisa dizeli zvinoshanda nekungowedzera ivo kumafuta.

Kubudirira kweiyi nzira kune kusahadzika, sezvo zvinhu zvakadaro zvatovepo mumhando yepamusoro yemafuta edhiziri uye, nekugara uchishandiswa, usatendera kutaridzika kwedhipoziti. Uye zvakaoma kushambidza izvo zvagara zviripo nekuda kwekuderera kwezvikamu zve detergent.

Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kuwana mhedzisiro inopesana mumamiriro ezvinhu akasvibiswa zvakanyanya, apo zvikamu zvakakura zvakaparadzana uye zvinowira mumabhodhoro, zvichivavhara zvachose. Zvisinei, chigumisiro chakanaka hachinawo kubviswa.

Chinyorwa nzira

Inogona kuitwa zvese ne disassembly yemuromo uye nekudururira mvura yekuchenesa kuburikidza nayo. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, ichi hachisi chinhu kunze kwekuoma, hakuna kusiyana nekushambidza pachigadziko.

Ita-iwe-iwe pachako kuchenesa nozzle. Homemade stand yekuchenesa nozzles

Paunenge uchiparadzanisa muromo, uko unobvumirwa nekugadzira, zvinokwanisika kuchenesa uye kukuya mavharuvhu, nemagetsi kubvisa tsvina kubva kune zvikamu zvinosvikika, kunyange kuchenesa maburi emucheka netambo yakapfava.

Chinhu chikuru ndechokuita hanya zvakakwana, tichifunga nezvekururama kwechokwadi chemashoko ose. Pakutsvaira, mvura imwechete yekuchenesa majekiseni inoshandiswa.

Nzira yekuwedzera sei hupenyu hwemidziyo yekutakura mafuta

Mafuta emagetsi einjini dzedhiziri, kunze kweaya ekare, akagadzirirwa mafuta emhando yepamusoro.

1. Iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera mafuta edhiziri chete akanakisa, akagadzirirwa masystem emazuva ano emotokari yevafambi.
2. Iyo ingress yemvura haigamuchirwi zvachose, iyo ichaita kuti pakarepo kuora kwezvikamu uye zvinoda kugadziriswa kunodhura.
3. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti utarise mamiriro emafirita uye sedimentation matangi, achinje nenguva uye nekuachengeta zvinoenderana nemirairo, uye zvine hungwaru, kugara uchitarisa uye kudzivirira kugezwa nekubvisa mune yakasarudzika dizeli sevhisi inofanirwa kuitwa.

Nzira yekuwedzera sei hupenyu hwesevhisi yehutsigiro hwemafuta epombi pamainjini edhiziri.

Mukuwedzera, izvi zvichabatsirawo kudzivirira matambudziko nekubviswa uye kuiswa kwezvakanamatira zvakabatanidzwa, izvo zvinogona kuguma nemitengo yakakosha.