Stens: basics, kuumbwa, mazano

Mota yakarongedzwa inogara ichikwezva maziso. Kunyanya kana mota yakapendwa mune imwe mhando yerudzi rwakatsvuka uye nemhepo pairi. Kuti vatore zvakanyanya kutarisisa kumota yavo, vanoda mota dzakachinjika vanoisa matinji (chii icho, zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira zvinoonekwa pano) kana kushandisa stens tekinoroji.

Tichabata neshoko, mazano akakosha, pamwe nerutivi runoshanda rwemazuva ano.

Chii chinonzi Stens?

Iyo mota, inogadzirwa nemabatiro stens, inonyanya kutapudza kutakura, uye mavhiri arimo ane chinzvimbo chisiri cheyakajairwa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, sekuonekwa mumufananidzo, uku kugadzirisa kunoratidzika kunge kwakanaka.

Nekudaro, kune zvekare zvakawandisa zvekutanga zvienzaniso.

Chinhu chekutanga chaicho stenser anotarisisa kuchichenesa bhiza rake resimbi. Zvichienderana nemigwagwa ichatasva mutyairi, iyi paramende ichave iri kure sezvinobvira kubva kune zvakajairwa zviratidzo.

Nekudaro, mukumira-kwekumira, kune akati wandei mafambiro anopesana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe:

• Yakaderera - mune akanyanya kusiana akasiyana, pasi clearance haipo zvachose. Zvinotaridza sekunge mota iri kungofamba munzira. Haasi ese stenser anoita shanduko dzakakomba zvakadaro, kunyangwe paine varidzi vemota vanoisa mweya unomisa. Muchiitiko ichi, mota inogona kufamba zvakasununguka pane dzakasiyana nzvimbo, asi kana zvichidikanwa, rara pasi pane asphalt;
• Ngochani ndiyo chaiyo inopesana nerudzi rwekare. Mumota dzakadai mavhiri akakurisa zvakanyanya, izvo zvinowedzera kubvumidzwa kwepasi pachako (nenzira, ndezvipi zvakanakira kukwirisa kwepasi, verenga mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa);
• Reverse rake - mota "yakakotama". Kuchenesa kumashure mairi kunogona kuve kushoma, uye kumberi, pane zvinopesana, kwakanyanya;
• Yakatwasuka rake ndiyo yakapesana yakakwana neshanduko yapfuura. Mariri, kumberi kwekupedzisira kunodzikiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye kumashure kwakasimudzwa;
• Kukama - mune iyi kesi, welds anowanzo shandiswa, uye iyo angle yekurerekera kweiyo axle inochinja zvichienderana nekugona kwemuridzi wemota. Iwe unogona kazhinji kuona modhi ine mavhiri, mazhinji acho ari pasi pevadziviriri.

Yakazvarwa sei uye riini?

Stens maitiro idiki nzira diki yekuona kutarisisa. Panharaunda yenyika dzeCIS, kufamba kwakatanga kukura mumakore gumi ekutanga e2000. Maitiro haana tateguru. Asi icho chifananidzo, icho zvishoma nezvishoma chakawana chimiro chayo nekuda kwekusiyana kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa.

Nekudaro, mune iyo stand iwe unogona kuona iwo marondedzero ezvepasi-kukwira, kusimuka uye kumhanyisa supercars. Iyi tsika yakadzika midzi muAmerica neJapan. Mukukura kwenzvimbo yepashure peSoviet, iyi, kunyangwe iri diki, inozivikanwa kwazvo.

Yakapararira sei munyika yose?

Sezvatatoona, kufamba kwe stens kwakakwereta akawanda akasiyana mazano kubva kune mamwe masitaera ekugadzirisa mota. Iko hakuna miganhu yakajeka yekugadzirisa kwakadaro. Zuva rega rega tsika iyi inowedzera miganhu yayo, ichikwevera kurudziro kubva kubudiriro yemazuva ano uye mazano emangwana.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, Yakaderera-tsika nemotokari dzakasarudzika, dzakakurumbira muAmerica, dzakatamira kuDrift-tsika yenyika dzeAsia. Bato reStens rakadzika midzi muAmerica uye Nyika dzeZuva Rinokwira. Kwete kare kare, "matenta" ekugadzirisa kunoshamisa kwekuona kwakakura kusvika kune dzimwe nyika dze post-Soviet space. Iko hakuna miganhu yakajeka mumataira ekugadzirisa kwakadaro, asi chinhu chakakosha kubvumidzwa kwakanyanya uye nzvimbo isiri-yakajairwa yemavhiri emotokari.

Zvikonzero zvekuzivikanwa

Kwenguva refu, mota yaisafungidzirwa senzira inodiwa yekufambisa. Kune izvi, vanhu vakadzikama vakashandisa mota dzinodhonzwa nemabhiza, mota dzemhepo, ngarava uye mabhasikoro. Asi nekumhanyisa kweiyo nhanho yehupenyu, nzira dzekuzvimisikidza dzemagetsi dzakagashirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuti dzakachengetedza nguva kwazvo.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, mota dzakatama kubva muchikamu cheumbozha kuenda kuchikamu chekukosha. Nhasi haushamise chero munhu nekuve neyako mota. Neichi chikonzero, vazhinji varidzi vemota vari kuyedza kuita yavo yesimbi bhiza rakasarudzika. Uye sezvo hunyanzvi hwamazuva ano hwakaoma kuratidza mune yakadzikama yemudhorobha mutinhimira, munhu wese anoedza neimwe nzira kusiyanisa zvifambiso zvavo.

Kana kumberi mhando dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa dzaive dzakanangana nemhando dzakasiyana, saka mafambiro epenzura emazuva ano anoshanda kune chero mota. Chinhu chikuru mune izvi kufungidzira kwemutyairi. Uye zvechokwadi, chikwama chakakora chekugadzira chaiyo inoshamisa mota, uye kwete chete "kuwedzera" icho.

Stensers vanowanzo kuve vashanyi veakasiyana auto show. Zviri nyore kwavari kuti vave nhengo yechero kirabhu yemotokari isina tsvina yemhepo pane yekugadzirisa studio. Chimwe chikonzero chekuzivikanwa kwayo kugona "kuchenesa" mota, ichipa yega mavambo.

Chii chinorehwa nemastans?

Iko kukosha kukuru kweiyo stense mukana wekumira kubva kumashure kwevamwe varidzi vemota. Zvakare, zvakanyanya kushomeka kushomeka kana kumwe kuchinjwa kwemota yakajairwa, inokwezva zvakanyanya.

Kana mugadziri wemotokari paakaunza modhi nyowani pane imwe auto show, inotaridzika kunge inoratidzika kana iine mavhiri mahombe ane akadzika ematairi. Kazhinji, mune prototypes kana mune yatove serial kuratidzira, iyo clearance zvakare iri shoma. Zvese izvi zvinoonekwa zvinoita kuti mota iite senge yakaenzana sezvinobvira.

Nekudaro, aya ese makopi ekuratidzira. Kana zviri zvemamodeli emumigwagwa, mutengi anoshanda achasarudza mota ine chibvumirano chinomutendera kutyaira kwete chete mumigwagwa yakanaka, asiwo kune nyika.

Stenser yakagadzirira kuita zvibayiro zvinoshanda nekuda kwekuona. Iko hakuna divi rinoshanda kune aya maitiro. Icho chikonzero cheichi ipfungwa yeiyo stenz. Icho chiri muchokwadi chekuti mupfuuri, akatarisa pamotokari, anofunga: "Inotyaira sei zvavo? "Zvingave zvinonakidza kuona kuti mota inomhanya sei pamusoro pemapombi ekumhanya uye kuitora pane kamera kuti uwedzere traffic yeYouTube chiteshi."

Dzimwe nguva vanofarira vanofarira vanonyanya kushandura zvakanyanya. Muenzaniso weiyi ndiyo sarudzo inoratidzwa mumufananidzo. Iyi mota inoita kunge vhiri rega rakangodonha. Pfungwa yekutanga - mota yakaita tsaona uye parizvino motikari inosvika, asi kamwe kamwe mutyairi anopinda mairi zvakadzikama uye anosiya yekupaka nekunyepedzera.

Zvisinei, mutyairi akadaro anozvipira zvakanyanya kupfuura kunakidzwa nerwendo. Semuenzaniso, kudzivirira mavhiri kubva mukukwiza kumahombekombe eiri vhiri, zvakafanira kushandisa mitambo yakasimba. Kutyaira pamusoro pemapundu mune ino kesi kunoperekedzwa nemitoro yakawandisa pane zvinotsigira zvikamu zvemota uye akasiyana mayunitsi.

Dambudziko rinotevera, kana kuti, pane iwo ese seti, ndiko kukundikana kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana nekuda kwekuti ivo vari padyo nepasi. Vanongonamatira kumugwagwa vobva vabuda. Zvakare, pane kazhinji zviitiko zvekuparara kwepasi uye mafuta pani.

Ndeapi marudzi e stans aripo?

Iyo yakakosha musimboti we stens tuning yakajeka. Iye zvino - muchidimbu nezve mamwe marudzi. Musiyano wavo mukuru uri muchinzvimbo chevhiri rinotarisana nemuviri wemota. Izvi zvinofunga nezve zvinotevera zvinhu:

• Dhizeti rekisheni rinofanira kunge riri chinhambwe kubva pamupendero wepapiro;
• Dhisiki rinofanirwa kuve nechimwe chakakanganiswa;
• Iyo camber angle yemadhisiki inofanira kuitendera kuti itenderere zvakasununguka, uye kana mavhiri ari kutenderera, saka haafanire kudzivirira muchina kubva mukufambisa (kunyangwe kazhinji izvi zvisingakwanisike).

Paunenge uchifunga nezverudzi rwekugadzirisa pane imwe mota, zvese zviri pamusoro zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa. Heano ekugadzirisa anogona kushandiswa kumachina:

• Stokc - Kumiswa kwefekitori uye yakajairwa vhiri chinzvimbo. Mune iyi vhezheni, mutyairi anogona kuyedza nemhando dzakasiyana dzekumiswa;
• Kudonhedzwa ndiyo yakachipa pashiri sarudzo. Iyo saga chitubu inongoerekana yaderedza iyo clearance;
• Yakadonhedzwa - iko kushandiswa kwematsime anogadziriswa nekushandura yavo yekumashure kumanikidza (mune slang - coilovers);
• Yakaputirwa - mumota yakadaro, vhiri rinohwanda pasi pevhiri vhiri kusvika pamatanho akasiyana;
• Flush - mune ino dhizaini, vhiri rinenge rakaiswa zvine mutsindo nemapapiro (vhiri rakavanzwa pasi pechiso, uye dhisiki rine chinhambwe chidiki kune bapiro);
• HellaFlush - mune iyi kesi, iyo camber uye axle overhang shanduko. Mishini yakadai haina kana clearance pakati pemapapiro nemukombero. Kazhinji kazhinji, kuti uwane izvi, welds akaisirwa, uye vhiri camber inokutendera iwe kuti uvanze rabha pasi pebapiro. Mune ino vhezheni, iyo stenser inokanganisa nemugwagwa wekubatanidza wemota;
• HellaFail - mienzaniso yakagadzirwa neiyi dhizaini inozivikanwa nekunyanyisa: vhiri upamhi uye camber;
• PaddiFlush - mota yakarongedzwa neiyi dhizaini ichave neasina kujaira vhiri. Dzimwe nguva chimiro ichi chinosanganiswa nevamwe vakaita sevanoyerera.

Inoita sei kubata nekubata?

Chero ani anopinda muzvikamu zvekusimbisa kwekutanga kokutanga anobva anzwa kumashure kweiyo menduru yeiyi mhando yekugadzirisa. Kana mota ikavakwa, mainjiniya pane imwe kana imwe automaker vanopedza makore vachiverenga kuti ndeapi masimba anokanganisa chassis uye kuti shanduko mune zvimwe zvikamu ingakanganisa mashandiro ayo.

Mukuona kweizvi, shanduko pasina kufunga nezvekuchengeteka uye kugona kwezvikamu kumira nemitoro isiri yemhando zvinongotungamira mukuparara. Zvakare, kana chikamu chikatyoka nekumhanya, izvi zvinogara zvichikanganisa zvimwe zvinhu zvemota, semuenzaniso, nhengo dzemuviri dzinouya.

Matai pamarimu asiri emhando yepamusoro anopera nekukurumidza, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuparara nekumhanya. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kona yekufambisa inova diki, izvo zvinokanganisa maneuverability yemota.

Kana iwe ukaunganidza izvi nezvimwe zvinetswa zvekugadzirisa kwakadaro, saka ichi chinogara chiri chibayiro chekunyaradza, kubata uye kuchengetedzeka (kanenge zvishoma). Neichi chikonzero, muridzi wemotokari stencil anozonetseka kuinyoresa kana kugara uchikurukura mumugwagwa nevamiriri vezviremera vachiona kuchengetedzeka uye kurongeka munzira.

Chii chakakosha?

Sezvambotaurwa zvishoma nezve izvi pamusoro, kufarirwa kwekusvinwa kuri mune chokwadi chekuti pane zvingangoita zvisina muganho mikana yekugadzirisa mota yechero mhando. Kunyangwe mudzidzi mugaraji rake anogona kuita zvakajairwa pasi pemota. Asi mune ino kesi, pachave nematambudziko nekugara uchiputsika uye kumira nemapurisa.

Rework irinani inodhura kwazvo kuti chero munhu awane. Nekudaro, inoitwa padanho repamusoro remhando yepamusoro uye isinganyanye kukuvara.

Stensers nezve stens

Ane ruzivo stenser Temur Sharipov akadzidza nezve nzira iyi mukugadzirisa mota muna 2009. Mune imwe magazini yemotokari, akaverenga nyaya yainzi wedge bow. Yakataura nezvemotokari dzemotokari, asi pfeka mavhiri asina-standard, matai matete uye kudzikisira kumiswa.

Yakarukwa tuning inopa yakajairwa mota yefuturistic kubata. Mutyairi akafarira zvemazuva ano zvemotokari uye akatanga kuongorora masayiti ane hunyanzvi mukufamba uku uye kuratidza hunyengeri hwayo. Sepuratifomu yekugadzira inoshamisa mota yeStens, akasarudza Volkswagen Golf IV. Hezvino zvaakauya nazvo.

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Kusarudzwa kwemamwe mavhiri kubva kune stenser kwakatora inenge mwedzi mitanhatu. Akagovera kuti nyaya yekusarudza mararamiro emuenzi wake weramangwana ndeimwe yezvinetso zvakanyanya, nokuti iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana, kusanganisira kukwanisa kushandisa motokari yako mumamiriro ezvinhu emunharaunda yaanogara. Rimwe dambudziko risiri diki re stens auto kutarisisa kwakanyanya kwevashandi vemigwagwa, nekuti ivo havana hanya nekuzvivandudza kwemotokari.

Rustem Tagirov, mumwe murwi wetsiva, akafarira musangano uyu achiona mafirimu aitaura nezvevajaho veJapan neAmerica vachidzingwa nemapurisa kubva kumusangano usina mvumo. Motokari dzavo dzine camber dzisiri dzechisikigo uye pasi pevhu zvakaderera zvekuti mota haifanire kunge inokwanisa kufamba, asi mumabhaisikopo vanonzvenga mapurisa nekukurumidza zvisingaite.

Nokufamba kwenguva, Rustem akatanga kufarira zvisizvo zvigadziriso mukugadzirisa motokari. Akasarudza Volkswagen Caddy sehwaro hwekugadzira mota ye stens. Mufananidzo unoratidza izvo kuedza kwake kwakatungamira, asi stenser haigumiri ipapo uye inoenderera mberi nekudyara mukugadzira kwake.

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Nzira yekuunganidza sei stens mota?

Pane nzira mbiri dzekuita yekumira-dhizaini kusimudzira:

• Ipa iro basa kune nyanzvi;
• Kuzvimiririra nerubatsiro rwe "nyundo uye mukuyi".

Muchiitiko chekutanga, muridzi wemota anofanirwa kushandisa mari yakakomba, asi shanduko yechassis yemota ichaitwa padanho rehunyanzvi, tichifunga nezve chiitiko chinosuruvarisa chevasina kudzidza "vagadziri".

Nzira yechipiri yakachipa, zvisinei, kuitira kuchengetedzeka uye kugona kuuraya, mutyairi akadaro anofanirwa kushandisa nguva yakawanda kudzidza tekinoroji yekushandura geometry yemotokari. Dzimwe nguva kusarudzwa kumwechete nekutsvaga mavhiri akakodzera zvinogona kutora rinenge gore.

Chero zvazvingava, mutyairi wemota anosarudza kukwevera kutarisa kune bhiza rake resimbi anofanirwa kufunga kuti anozviisa panjodzi. Uye chakanyanya kukuvadza mune izvi ndechekuti mota inova nenjodzi kune avo vanoityaira, pamwe nekune vamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa.

Heino vhidhiyo kubva pakuratidzwa kwemota dzakagadzirwa muchimiro chechimiro:

Stance Nyika Kana Cal 2019 | Vachadi

kunofambira mberi

Iyi imhando yetuning ine static suspension. Iyi ndiyo imwe yeakanyanya bhajeti marudzi ekugadzirisa. Kazhinji, nekukwidziridzwa kwakadaro mumotokari, zvitubu zvakajairika zvinotsiviwa nemapfupi mapfupi. Nekuda kweizvi, mota inova yakaderera zvakanyanya. Vamwe vatyairi vemotokari pachinzvimbo chekutenga zvitubu zvitsva, vanocheka zvitubu zvekare. Asi izvi hazvikurudzirwi, nokuti nekuda kweizvi, zvitubu zvichaputsika uye kushanda zvisina kururama.

screw suspension

Seimwe nzira kune yakaderera zvitubu, "coilvers" kana coil zvitubu zvinogona kutengwa. Kubatsira kwavo ndekwekuti nekushandura kureba kwekapu yekutsigira, kubviswa kwemuchina kunogona kugadziriswa nemaoko.

Kumiswa kwemhepo

Iyi ndiyo inodhura zvakanyanya kukwidziridzwa kwemotokari, nekuda kweiyo mota yepasi clearance uye kuoma kwekumiswa kunogona kuchinjwa otomatiki. Tsanangudzo yekuti kumiswa kwemhepo kwemotokari kwakarongwa sei uye basa rinotsanangurwa. mune imwe ongororo. Muchidimbu, rubber kana polyurethane cylinders akaiswa mukumiswa kwakadaro, umo mweya unoputirwa.

Zvichienderana nemhando yehurongwa, inogona kurerutsa kubvumidzwa kune yakanyanyisa kukosha. Yakaiswa kuitira kuti mota itaridzike yakashongedzwa pa auto show, uye munzendo dzemazuva ese mota inoramba ichishanda uye kunyaradza.

Vhidhiyo pamusoro wenyaya

Pakupera kwekudzokorora, tinopa vhidhiyo pfupi nezve nei vanhu vachisimudzira mota dzavo mune stens maitiro:

Stance - sei vanhu vachizviita? Kugadzirisa mota uye kugadzirisa

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinoitwa Stens? Hwaro hweiyo Stens styling iri mune yakanyanya kuderera pasi pemvumo. Asi mukuwedzera kune inenge zero yepasi clearance, mota dzakadaro dzinozivikanwa neasina kujairika vhiri camber.

Stens yakauya sei? Iko hakuna mutsara wakajeka wekwakabva kweStens tsika. Yakatanga kukura muma70s. nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoshanda (iyo yakaderera iyo clearance, iyo yakakwira iyo downforce, uye yakakura vhiri overhang inoita kuti mota igadzikane painokona).

Ndedzipi mota dzinosanganisirwa muJDM? JDM (Japanese Domestic Market) ngano dzinoti: Toyota Supra, Nissan Skyline, Subaru Impreza, Toyota Chaser, Nissan Silvia.