Chigadzirwa uye musimboti wekushanda kwekumiswa kwemhepo

Mukutsanangurwa kwemhando yepamusoro yemotokari dzemhando yezvizvarwa zvichangoburwa, iyo pfungwa yekumisikidzwa inogadziriswa inowanzo kuwanikwa. Zvichienderana nekushandurwa, ino sisitimu inogona kugadzirisa kuomarara kwekusimudzira (mota yemitambo ine kutaridzika kwakaomarara, SUV yakapfava) kana kubvumidzwa kwepasi. Rimwe zita rehurongwa hwakadai kumiswa kwemhepo.

Avo vanotyaira mumigwagwa yemhando dzakasiyana vanoteerera kuvepo kwekushandurwa uku: kubva kumigwagwa yakatsetseka kuenda kune-off-road nzendo. Vateveri vekugadzirisa mota vanonyatsoisa zvinhu zvepneumatic zvinobvumidza mota kuti itoburitsa. Iyi nzira mune auto-tuning inonzi yakaderera-kukwira. Pane akaparadzanisa ongororo.

Chaizvoizvo, iyo pneumatic mhando yekumisa inoiswa pamotokari dzekutakura, asi bhizimusi kana premium vatakurwi mota dzinowanzo gashira yakafanana system. Funga nezvechigadzirwa cherudzi urwu rwekumiswa kwemuchina, mashandiro ayo, mashandiro epneumatic system, uyezve chii chakanakira nekuipira.

Chii chinonzi kumiswa kwemhepo

Kumiswa kwemhepo inzira inoiswa zvinhu zvepneumatic pachinzvimbo cheyakajairika ekugunun'una. Chero 18-mavhiri rori kana yazvino bhazi ine zvigadzirwa zvakafanana nzira. Nezve kugadzirisazve mota dzemhando yepamusoro, iyo yekumusoro-yerudzi mhando yekumiswa inowanzo kukwidziridzwa. Iyo strut yefekitori (MacPherson strut kumberi, uye chitubu kana chitubu kumashure) inoshanduka kuita mhepo mvuto, ayo akaiswa nenzira imwecheteyo seyakagadzirwa fekitori, asi yeiyi yakakosha fasteners anoshandiswa.

Unogona kutenga chikamu chakafanana muzvitoro zvakakura zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirisa mota. Kune zvakare akapatsanurwa ekumisikidza makiti echirimo kana torsion kumiswa kugadziridzwa.

Kana isu tichitaura nezvekumiswa kwemotokari, zvino yakagadzirirwa kuti utore zvinokatyamadza nekuvhunduka kunouya kubva kumavhiri kuenda kune inotsigira muviri kana furemu yemota. Trolley yakadaro haingopa chete kunyaradzwa kukuru paunenge uchityaira mumigwagwa isina kukwana. Chekutanga pane zvese, ino sisitimu yakagadzirirwa kuti mota irege kudonha mushure memakore mashoma ekushanda.

Mukumiswa kwakasarudzika, kubvumidzwa kwemotokari (iko kutsanangurwa kweshoko iri pano) inoramba isina kuchinja. Kana mota ichifambiswa mumamiriro akasiyana, zvinove zvinoshanda kuve nekumiswa kunogona kushandura kubvumidzwa kwepasi zvichienderana nemamiriro emugwagwa.

Semuenzaniso, kana uchityaira nekumhanyisa pamugwagwa wakasununguka, zvakakosha kuti mota ive padhuze neasphalt kuitira kuti aerodynamics ishande ichitsigira kudzikira kwemotokari. Izvi zvinowedzera kugadzikana kwemotokari kana pakona. Tsanangudzo pamusoro peaerodynamics yemotokari inotsanangurwa pano... Kune rimwe divi, kukunda mamiriro emumigwagwa, zvakakosha kuti chimiro chemuviri chakanangana nevhu chakakwirira sezvinobvira kuitira kuti pasi pemotokari zvisakanganiswe panguva yekufamba.

Yekutanga pneumatic mota kumiswa yakashandiswa pamhando dzekugadzira yakagadzirwa neCitroen (19 DC1955). General Motors mumwe mugadziri akaedza kuunza pneumatics mumotokari indasitiri.

Imotokari yekugadzira yechiratidzo ichi, iyo yaive yakashongedzerwa nekumiswa kwekushomeka kwemhepo, yaive 1957 Cadillac Eldorado Brige. Nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira wemushini pachawo uye kuomarara kwekugadzirisa, uku kukura kwakagwamba nechando zvachose. Kutenda kumatekinoroji emazuva ano, ino sisitimu yakagadziridzwa ikaunzwa muindasitiri yemotokari.

Zvimiro zvekumiswa kwemhepo yemotokari

Nayo pachayo, kumiswa kwemhepo, ingangoita tekinoroji, iripo chete mudzidziso. Muchokwadi, kuturika kwemhepo kunoreva hurongwa hwese hunosanganisira nhamba huru yemanodhi uye michina. Pneumatics mukumiswa kwakadaro inoshandiswa chete mune imwe node - panzvimbo yezvitubu zvakajairwa, torsion bars kana zvitubu.

Pasinei neizvi, kumiswa kwemhepo kune huwandu hwezvakanakira pamusoro peiyo classical dhizaini. Chinokosha pakati peizvi kukwanisa kushandura kureba kwemotokari kana kuoma kwekumiswa.

Kumiswa kwemhepo hakugone kushandiswa muchimiro chayo chakachena (chete matsime emhepo) pasina mamwe maitiro kana zvimiro. Semuenzaniso, inonyanya kushanda kana uchishandisa zvinhu zvakafanana zvinoshandiswa muMacPherson strut, mu-multi-link kumiswa, nezvimwewo.

Sezvo kumiswa kwemhepo kunoshandisa nhamba huru yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuwedzera, mutengo wayo wakanyanya kukwirira. Nechikonzero ichi, haina kuisirwa nemugadziri pamotokari dzebhajeti.

Nzira yakadaro yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukutakura zvinhu. Nekuda kwekuti marori nemabhazi anotakura mitoro inorema, kumiswa kwemhepo mumotokari dzakadaro kunoshandisa huwandu hwakazara hwezvivakwa. Mumotokari dzevatakuri, kugadzirisa zvakanaka kwekumisikidza hakugoneke chete nemakanika, saka sisitimu yacho inowanzodzorwa nemagetsi pamwe chete neinogadziriswa inonwisa mvura. Iyi sisitimu iyi inozivikanwa nevatyairi vazhinji pasi pezita rekuti "adaptive suspension".

History tour

Iyo pneumatic cushion yaive patented naWilliam Humphreys muna 1901. Kunyange zvazvo chigadzirwa ichi chaiva nezvakanakira zvakawanda, hazvina kuonekwa pakarepo, uye ipapo chete nemauto. Chikonzero ndechokuti kuiswa kwebhegi remhepo parori kwakapa mamwe mabhenefiti, semuenzaniso, mota yakadaro inogona kutakurwa zvakanyanya, uye kuwedzera kwepasi kunowedzera kugona kwemotokari.

Mumotokari dzevanhu, kumiswa kwemhepo kwakaunzwa chete muma30s ezana ramakore rapfuura. Iyi sisitimu yakaiswa muStout Scarab modhi. Chekufambisa chaive chine mabhero mana emhepo eFairstone. Mune iyo sisitimu, iyo compressor yaifambiswa nebhandi dhiraivha yakabatana kune simba unit. Iyo motokari yakashandisa mana-circuit system, iyo ichiri kuonekwa seyo yakabudirira kugadzirisa.

Mamwe makambani akaedza kukwenenzvera hurongwa hwekumisa mhepo. Zvakawanda zvakaitwa neAir Lift. Iyo inosanganiswa nekuunzwa kwekumiswa kwemhepo munyika yemotorport. Iyi sisitimu yakashandiswa pamotokari dzeAmerican bootleggers (zvisiri pamutemo vatakuri vemwedzi panguva yeProhibition). Pakutanga, kuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana kwemotokari dzavo kwakashandiswa kunzvenga mapurisa. Nokufamba kwenguva, vatyairi vakatanga kuronga mijaho pakati pavo. Saka kwakazvarwa nhangemutange iyo nhasi inonzi NASCAR (makwikwi emota dzakapombwa).

Chinhu chekumiswa uku ndechekuti mapillow aiiswa mukati mezvitubu. Yakashandiswa kusvika kuma1960. Iwo ekutanga outrigger masisitimu aive asina kurongeka, zvichiita kuti chirongwa chakadaro chikundikane. Nekudaro, dzimwe mota dzakange dzakashongedzerwa nekumiswa kwakadaro kwatova pafekitari.

Sezvo kumiswa kwemhepo kwaive kwakakurumbira mumotokari dzemitambo, maautomaker makuru akateerera tekinoroji iyi. Saka, muna 1957, Cadillac Eldorado Brougham akaonekwa. Iyo mota yakagamuchira yakazara-yakazara mana-yedunhu mhepo kumiswa nekugona kugadzirisa kudzvanywa mumutsago wega wega. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyi sisitimu yakatanga kushandiswa naBuick uye Ambassador.

Pakati pevagadziri vemotokari vekuEurope, Citroen yakafanirwa kutungamira mukushandiswa kwekumiswa kwemhepo. Chikonzero ndechekuti mainjiniya emhando yacho akaunza hutsva hunobudirira hwakaita kuti mhando dzemotokari nehurongwa uhu huzivikanwe (mamwe acho achiri kukosheswa nevateresi).

Mumakore iwayo, zvakagamuchirwa kuti motokari haigoni kuva yakagadzikana uye yakashongedzerwa nepamusoro-soro yemhepo. Citroen yakatyora iyi stereotype nekuburitswa kweiyo iconic DS 19.

Motokari yakashandisa innovative hydropneumatic suspension. Nyaradzo isina kumboitika yakapihwa nekudzikisa kudzvanywa mumakamuri egasi emasilinda. Kuti motokari ive inodzoreka sezvinobvira pahupamhi hwepamusoro, zvaive zvakakwana kuti iwedzere kudzvinyirira mumasilinda, zvichiita kuti kumira kuome. Uye kunyangwe nitrogen yakashandiswa muhurongwa uhu, uye mwero wekunyaradza wakapihwa kune iyo hydraulic chikamu cheiyo system, ichiri kuverengerwa sepneumatic system.

Mukuwedzera kune mugadziri wechiFrench, kambani yeGermany Borgward yakabatanidzwa mukuvandudza uye kushandiswa kwekumiswa kwemhepo. Mercedes-Benz yakateverawo. Kusvika iye zvino, hazvibviri kugadzira bhajeti yemotokari nemhepo yakasimudzwa, nokuti iyo pachayo inodhura zvikuru kugadzira, kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza. Semazuva ekutanga eiyi tekinoroji, nhasi kumiswa kwemhepo kunongoiswa kumotokari dzeprimiyamu.

Mashandiro Emhepo Kumisikidzwa

Basa rekumiswa kwemhepo rinodonha kusvika pakuzadzisa zvibodzwa zviviri:

1. Mune yakapihwa modhi, mota inofanirwa kuchengetedza chinzvimbo chemuviri chakanangana nemugwagwa wepamusoro. Kana iyo marongero emitambo akasarudzwa, ipapo kubvumidzwa kunenge kuri kushoma, uye kwekunze-munzira kuita, pane zvinopesana, iyo yepamusoro.
2. Pamusoro pechinzvimbo chayo zvine chekuita nemugwagwa, kumiswa kwemhepo kunofanirwa kukwanisa kutora chero kusaenzana mumugwagwa pamusoro. Kana mutyairi akasarudza iyo yemitambo yekutyaira modhi, saka imwe neimwe yekuvhundutsa absorber ichave yakaoma sezvazvinogona (zvakakosha kuti mugwagwa uve wakatsetseka sezvinobvira), uye kana iyo off-road mode ikaiswa, ichave yakapfava sezvinobvira . Nekudaro, iyo pneuma pachayo haichinje kuomarara kweanokatyamadza anopinza. Kune izvi, kune chaiwo mamodheru ezvinodonhedza zvinhu (zvakadzama nezvemhando dzekuvhunduka zvinomutsirwa zvinotsanangurwa pano). Iyo pneumatic system inongokutendera iwe kukwidza mota yemota kune iyo yepamusoro inotenderwa kukwirira kana kuidzikisa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

Mugadziri wega wega anoedza kukunda makwikwi nekugadzira yakagadziriswa masisitimu. Vanogona kudaidza dhizaini yavo zvakasiyana, asi pfungwa yekuti mashandiro acho anoshanda sei inoramba iri imwechete. Zvisinei nekushandurwa kwevashandisi, system yega yega ichave nezvinhu zvinotevera:

1. Dunhu remagetsi. Zvemagetsi zvirinani zvinopa kurongedza kwakanaka kwekushanda kweanogadzira. Dzimwe mota dzinowana rudzi rwemaitiro. Mune iyi nadzurudzo, akaiswa akawanda maseru akasiyana anorekodha mashandiro emota, kutenderera kwevhiri, mamiriro emugwagwa (kune izvi, sensor inogona kushandiswa hurongwa hwekuona husiku kana kamera yekumberi) uye mamwe masisitimu emotokari.
2. Maitiro ekutungamira. Ivo vakasiyana muhukuru, dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda, asi vanogara vachipa meya dhiraivha, nekuda kwekuti mota inomutswa kana kudzikiswa. Pneumatics inogona kunge iri mhepo kana hydraulic inotyairwa. Mukushandurwa kwemhepo, compressor yakaiswa (kana iyo hydrocompressor mune ino sisitimu izere neiri kushanda mvura), inogamuchira (yakamanikidzwa mweya inoungana mairi), inoomesa (inobvisa hunyoro kubva mumhepo kuitira kuti mukati mechimiro usaite ngura ) uye pneumatic cylinder pane rimwe vhiri. Iyo hydraulic kuturika ine dhizaini yakafanana, kunze kwekuti kudzora kwekuomarara uye kubvumidzwa kwepasi hakuitwe nemhepo, asi neiri kushanda mvura inoiswa mukati meyakavharwa sedunhu, senge iri braking system.
3. Kudzora system. Mumotokari dzese nekumiswa kwakadai pane yakasarudzika pane inodzora panhare, iyo inomiririra inoenderana nemagetsi algorithm.

Kuwedzera kune fekitori masisitimu, pane akareruka ekugadziridza eamateur tuning. Rudzi urwu runodzorwa neremote control inoiswa mukamuri revapfuuri. Nekubatsira kwemutyairi, mutyairi anoshandura kuchenesa kwepasi kwemotokari. Kana chishandiso chikavhurwa necompressor, mweya unodhonzwa mumhepo yekuunganidza, ichigadzira kumanikidza kunodiwa.

Nadzurudzo iyi inopa chete Chinyorwa muoti yokugadzirisa Clearance. Mutyairi anogona chete kumisikidza yakatarwa yemagetsi vharuvhu (kana boka remagetsi). Muchiitiko ichi, kumiswa kwemhepo kunosimudzwa kana kudzikiswa pakukwirira kwaunoda.

Iyo fekitori vhezheni yekumisa mweya yekumisa inogona kuve ne otomatiki maitiro ekushanda Mune masisitimu akadaro, yemagetsi control unit inofanirwa kuve iripo. Automation inoshanda ichishandisa maseru kubva kuma sensors emavhiri, mota, chinzvimbo chemuviri uye mamwe masisitimu, uye inogadzirisa kukwirira kwemota pachayo.

Nei uchiisa Kumiswa kweMhepo

Kazhinji, bhegi remhepo rakareruka rinoiswa pamusangano wekumiswa kumashure kwemotokari. Shanduko iyi inogona kuwanikwa pane vakawanda crossovers и SUVs... Rudzi rwunomiswa rwekumiswa harune zvahunogona kubva mukugadzirisa kwakadaro, nekuti kunyangwe iine nzvimbo yepamusoro yekubvisirwa pane zvisina kufanira, nhengo yemuchinjikwa icharamba yakanamatira pane zvisina kufanira kana zvipingamupinyi.

Nechikonzero ichi, matsime emhepo ekumashure anoshandiswa pamwe chete neyakagadzika yakawanda-yekubatanidza dhizaini senge Land Rover Defender nyowani. Muedzo wekutyaira wechizvarwa chechipiri cheiyi yakazara-SUV iri pano.

Izvi ndizvo zvikonzero nei vamwe vatyairi vachivandudza chikamu chekumiswa chesi yemotokari.

Kugadziriswa

Kana mota ikaremerwa (zvigaro zvese zvinogara mukabhini kana muviri uzere), mune yemhando mota zvitubu zvinomanikidzwa pasi pehuremu hwemutoro wekuwedzera. Kana mota ikafamba munzvimbo isina kuenzana, inogona kubata pazasi pezvipingaidzo zvinobuda. Iri rinogona kuve dombo, bundu, kumucheto kwegomba, kana nzira (semuenzaniso, munzira isina kuchena munguva yechando).

Kugadziriswa kwepasi pasi kubvumira mutyairi kuti akunde zvipingamupinyi mumugwagwa sekunge anga asina kutakurwa. Kugadzirisa kukwirira kwemotokari kunoitika kwete mumavhiki mashoma echassis, asi mumaminetsi mashoma.

Otomatiki mweya kuturika inokutendera iwe kunyatso kugadzirisa chinzvimbo chemota, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemuridzi wemota. Panguva imwecheteyo, hapana chikonzero chekuita shanduko dzakaomarara kune chimiro chemota.

Manageability

Pamusoro pekugadzirisa iyo clearance kune yakasarudzwa modhi, iyo system inobhadhara zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kunyangwe diki kona yekurerekera kwemotokari nekumhanya (mune anodhura mamodheru). Kuona kuti mavhiri ese ari pamabhendi ane chinobata chakanyanya pamusoro pemugwagwa, zvichibva pane zvinongedzo zvinobva kune maseru maseru maseru, iyo yuniti inodzora inogona kupa rairo kumasolenoid mavharuvhu evhiri rimwe nerimwe.

Kana uchipinda mukutendeuka mune rimwe dunhu, iko kumanikidza kunowedzera, nekuda kwekuti muchina unomuka zvishoma pane axis yemukati yekutenderera nharaunda. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti mutyairi atyaire mota, izvo zvinowedzera kuchengetedza traffic. Kana manejimendi yapera, mweya unoburitswa kubva mudunhu rakatakurwa, uye otomatiki inotsigisa chinzvimbo chemutumbi wemota.

Mumotokari dzakajairika, basa iri rinoitwa neyakagadzika yekusimudzira. Mune mabhajeti mamodheru, chikamu ichi chakaiswa pane yekutyaira ekisero, asi muchikamu chinodhura, maviri anotenderera uye kunyange marefu ekudzikamisa anoshandiswa.

Chitubu chemhepo chine chinhu chimwe chinobatsira. Kuomesa kwayo kuomarara kunoenderana necompression ratio. Mune masisitimu anodhura, zvinokwanisika kushandisa zvitubu zvemhepo, izvo zvinodzivirira mota kubva pakutenderera ichityaira pamusoro pemapundu. Mune ino kesi, echimakanika element inodzorwa kune ese maviri kukamanikidza uye kusagadzikana.

Sezvo iyo yekumisa inogadziriswa isingakwanise kushanda yakazvimiririra, ine yayo yega yemagetsi control unit. Shanduko yemota yako mune iyi kesi inosanganiswa nemari hombe yezvinhu.

Uyezve, havazi vese makanika vanogona kunzwisisa mashandiro ehurongwa, nekuti nekuwedzera kune zvemagetsi zvinhu, ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Inofanira kunge yakanyatsobatana neyuniti yekudhiraivhira kuitira kuti chishandiso chinyatsorekodha zviratidzo kubva kuma sensors ese.

Kuita kwakanyanya

Kusarudza mota nyowani, mutyairi wega wega anoongorora kubata uye huwandu hwenzvimbo yepasi yekutenga kwakarongwa. Kuvapo kwekumiswa kwemhepo kunotendera muridzi wemota yakadaro, pasina kupindira kwekuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwemota, kuti achinje ma parameter anoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda.

Paunenge uchigadzirisa chassis, mutyairi anokwanisa kutarisa pakubata, kana anogona kuita kuti mota igadzike sezvinobvira. Izvo zvakare zvinoita kuti uwane nzvimbo yepakati pakati pezvikamu izvi.

Kana mota yako yakashongedzerwa nesimba rine simba, asi simba rayo rizere risingakwanise kushandiswa mumigwagwa yeruzhinji, unogona kugadzirisa kumiswa kwacho kuitira kuti mota inyorove uye igare sezvinobvira mukuita kwese. Asi kana mutyairi achinge asvika munzira yemijaho, unogona kumisikidza mutambo mutambo nekuchinja marongero emitambo zvakare.

Kuonekwa kwemotokari

Kunyangwe vagadziri vachipa mamodheru emota nyowani aine pasi yakadzika clearance, mota dzakadai hadzibatsiri mumatunhu mazhinji. Neichi chikonzero, mhando dzakaderera kwazvo dzinotora niche diki chete mumusika wepasirese wemotokari. Kana zviri zvekugadzirisa, munzira stens autokukwirira kwemuchina kwakakosha kwazvo.

Kakawanda, motokari dzinozvidzikisira dzinowanikwa nekuda kwekushandurwa kwechassis, nekuda kwekuti iyo yekutakura inorasikirwa nekuita kwayo. Nhasi kune vanhu vashoma vari kuda kuisa mari yakawanda mumota yakatsaukana, inozogadzirirwa kungoisa show pa auto show, uye iyo nguva yasara ichingounganidza guruva mugaraji.

Kumiswa kwemhepo kunokutendera kuti usazvidze kutakura zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, asi simudza kana zvichidikanwa. Kazhinji, pamusuwo wechiteshi chegasi kana chinopfuura, mota dzakaderera dzinotambura nenyaya yekuti ivo havagone kukurira yakatsvedza nzira yemugwagwa. Dhizaini inogadziriswa inobvumira mutyairi kuti aite mota yakasarudzika pasina kukanganisa kushanda kwayo.

Kutakura motokari

Chimwe chinhu chinobatsira chekumiswa kwemhepo ndechekuti chinoita kuti kurodha pasi / kuburitsa muchina zvive nyore. Vamwe varidzi veSUV vane kusiyanisa kwepasirese pasi vakatenda iyi sarudzo.

Kuti akunde migwagwa yemumigwagwa, mota hombe-diki dzinogashira mavhiri makuru, izvo zvinoita kuti zvinyanye kuomera mutyairi ane chimiro chipfupi kuisa mutoro muhunde. Muchiitiko ichi, muchina unogona kudzikiswa zvishoma. Saizvozvo, iwe unogona kushandisa ino system pane yekudhonza rori. Munguva yekurodha, kureba kwemuviri kunogona kuve kushoma, uye panguva yekufambisa, muridzi wetiraki anosimudza mota kukwiriso inokodzera kutyaira.

Nzira yekuisa sei kumira kwemhepo nemaoko ako pachako?

Kana iyo yese yekumisa mhepo kit inotengwa, mugadziri anopa yakadzama yekuisa mirairo pamwe chete nezvikamu zvese. Zvakare zvinosanganisirwa mumakitsi mazhinji ndeye kugadzirisa kit.

Ichi chinhu chakanyanya kukosha icho kuiswa kwakakodzera kwehurongwa kunoenderana. Nehurombo, pakuisa maitiro akaomarara uye akasiyana masisitimu, kunyangwe akaomesesa sekumisikidzwa kwemhepo, vatyairi vazhinji vanotendeukira kune mirairo kana chimwe chinhu chatotyoka kana system isiri kushanda nemazvo.

Kuti udzivise kuisa kusingaverengeki, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvimwe zvikamu zvikundikane, mamwe makambani anoyambira kuti kana mirairo yekuisa ikasateedzerwa, iyo system inovharika. Uye kune avo vanoshandisa nzira dzepfungwa. Semuyenzaniso, iyo kambani yega inodhinda yambiro label "Usavhure!" pakurongedzerwa kwezvikamu zvehurongwa. Sezvakaumbwa nevashambadziri, yambiro iyi inokurudzira vatengi kuti vatange vavhura mirairo, kana chete kuti vanzwisise kuti nei kurongedza kusingafaniri kuvhurwa. Uye kambani yeRide Tech inodhinda ichi chinyorwa pamirayiridzo pachayo, kuverenga pamusoro pekuti "chibereko chinorambidzwa chinogara chinotapira" uye mutengi achazarura purogiramu nekurambidzwa kutanga.

Hazvina mhosva kuti system yacho yakaoma sei, unogona kuiisa iwe pachako, nokuti kunyange munzvimbo yakanakisisa yebasa kana studio, vanhu vanoita basa iri. Saka, zvinogoneka kumutyairi. Chinhu chikuru ndechekunyatsotevera mirairo yemugadziri. Uye zvakare, mugadziri anofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti system yacho inofanira kushanda sei.

Zvichienderana nerudzi uye kuoma kwehurongwa, zvinogona kutora maawa gumi nemaviri-12 kuisa (yekumisikidza zvikamu nemacushion) + maawa gumi kuisa compressor uye zvikamu zvayo + maawa mashanu-15 eequalization system, kana iripo mune ino. system. Asi zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwemutyairi mukushanda nematurusi uye ruzivo rwechikamu chehunyanzvi chemotokari. Kana iwe ukaisa iyo mhepo yekumisa iwe pachako, izvi zvinonyanya kuchengetedza mari (iyo yekuisa mutengo ingangoita chikamu chechina chemutengo wekiti).

Kuti hurongwa hushande zvakanaka, kushandiswa kwekuisa chisimbiso hakugoni kuregererwa. Mitsara yemhepo inowanzodonha kana ukasashandisa tepi yekuisa chisimbiso pane zvinongedzo. Izvo zvinodiwawo kuparadzanisa mutsara kubva pamigumisiro ye mechanical damage uye kutarisana nekupisa kwepamusoro. Nhanho yekupedzisira ndeyekugadzirisa kwakaringana kwehurongwa.

Mhepo balloon dhizaini

Iyo North America kambani Firestone iri kuita kugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro pneumatic mvuto. Zvigadzirwa zvaro zvinowanzo shandiswa nevagadziri vemarori. Kana isu tichiisa mamiriro ezvinhu zvigadzirwa izvi, saka pane matatu marudzi acho:

• Kaviri. Iyi nadzurudzo inochinjirwa kune isina kunaka nzira yemigwagwa. Nekunze, zvinoita kunge cheeseburger. Uyu muto une sitiroko pfupi. Inogona kushandiswa kumberi kwekumiswa. Muchikamu chino, yekuvhundutsa inobata iri padyo padanho repamusoro mutoro.
• Yakafanana. Idzo shanduko hadzina kukodzera semberi kuvhunduka absorbers, kunyangwe vaine rwendo rurefu. Basa ravo rine mutsara, uye vanomira nemitoro yakaderera pane yapfuura.
• Roller. Aya mabhero emhepo zvakare ari madiki pane iwo makushingi maviri (iwo ane girobhu rakatetepa, rakareba). Kuvhiya kwavo kwakada kufanana neshanduro yapfuura, saka, yakafanana neyekuvhundutsa mweya yekumomotera inoiswawo kumashure kwemotokari bogie.

Heino mufananidzo weiyo yakajairika mhepo kuturika yekubatanidza dhayagiramu:

A) compressor; B) geji yekumanikidza; C) desiccant; D) mugamuchiri; E) bhegi remhepo; F) inlet vharuvhu; G) kuburitsa vharafu; H) spare valve.

Funga marongero anoita chitubu chemhepo.

Compressors

Kuti chitubu chemhepo chikwanise kuchinja kukwirira kwayo, chinofanirwa kuve chakabatana nevekunze mweya sosi. Izvo hazvigoneke kuumba kumanikidza kumwe muhurongwa kamwe chete, uye muchina uchashandurwa kuita akasiyana mashandiro ezvinhu (huwandu hwevatakurwi, huremu hwenhumbi, mamiriro emugwagwa, nezvimwewo).

Neichi chikonzero, pneumatic compressors inofanirwa kuiswa pamotokari pachayo. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uchinje hunhu hwemotokari chaiko munzira, uye mune mamwe mamodheru kunyangwe uchityaira.

Iyo pneumatic system ichave neinenge imwechete compressor, inogamuchira (mudziyo mune mweya unoungana) uye nehurongwa hwekutonga (isu tichafunga nezvekushandurwa kwavo zvishoma gare gare). Iyo ine hupfumi inoshanda uye yakapusa shanduko ndeyekubatanidza imwe compressor uye 7.5-litre inogamuchira. Zvisinei, kuiswa kwakadaro kunosimudza mota kwemaminetsi mashoma.

Kana paine kudikanwa kwekumiswa kusimudza mota mumasekondi mashoma, ipapo maviri macompressors anokwana 330 kg / mativi masendimita uye panotarisirwa vanogamuchira vaviri vane huwandu hwemamita 19. Izvo zvakare zvinoda kuiswa kweindasitiri pneumatic mavharuvhu uye pneumatic mitsara ye31-44 inches.

Kunaka kweiyi sisitimu ndeyekuti mota inomuka nekukurumidza mushure mekubaya bhatani. Zvisinei, kune zvakare kwakakosha kudonha. Dhizaini iyi haibvumidze kugadzirisa kwakanaka - mota inokwira yakanyanya kukwirira kana kukwana.

Pneumatic mitsara

Chikamu chakakosha cheese masisitimu ekumisa mweya ipurasitiki yemhepo yakagadzirirwa marori. Iyi tembiricha yakakwira inoita kuti zvikwanise kubatanidza zvese zvikamu zvegadziriro. Aya magadziridzo anokwanisa kumira nekumanikidza kwakatangira kubva pa75-150 psi (psi).

Kana pneumatic system yakawedzera kushanda, kune chivimbo chikuru, panzvimbo yepurasitiki, unogona kushandisa analogue yesimbi (inoshandiswa mumabhureki masystem). Standard flare nzungu uye maadapter anogona kushandiswa kubatanidza zvese zvikamu. Izvo zvikamu zvehurongwa ivo pachavo zvakabatana neiyo huru tambo vachishandisa inoshanduka yakakwira yekumanikidza hoses.

Kumiswa kumberi

Iyo yekutanga kukura kwepneumatic masisitimu akagamuchira michina iyo yaikwanisa kumisa zvishoma kumberi kushamiswa kwekubata. Chikonzero ndechekuti chitubu chemhepo hachina iyo nzvimbo yekuvhundutsa absorber, senge muMacPherson strut (iri mukati mekirimo).

Iyo yemhepo chitubu kit yekumiswa kumberi inosanganisira yakakosha mabhureki ayo anogona kushandiswa kudzikamisa iyo kushamisika pasina kupira kuita. Nekudaro, kana zvisina kujairika marimu mahombe akaiswa mumotokari diki (kugadzirisa kwakadai mazuva ano) nematairi epasi, kushandiswa kwekumiswa kwemhepo mune zvimwe zviitiko hazvigoneke. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekuti ungasarudza sei matairi epasi, ona zvakasiyana.

Zvakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura zvinosanganisira zvakasanganiswa nemhepo zvinokanganisa zvinotsiva iyo yakasarudzika strut. Shanduko iyi inodhura zvakanyanya, asi nzira dzakadai dziri nyore kuisa.

Usati wafunga nezve shanduko iyi, unofanirwa kufunga kuti pane imwe chassis haina kunyanyo shanda pane masisitimu ayo mweya wechitubu uye wekuvhundutsa wakasiyana. Dzimwe nguva, iine yakadzikiswa clearance nekuda kwekugadzirwa kweiyo chassis, vhiri rinonamatira kune vhiri arch liner uchityaira. Muchiitiko ichi, panodiwa chakasimba chakasimba.

Neichi chikonzero, kune avo vanonyanya kukoshesa zvakanyanya kunyaradzwa, uye kwete kungoona shanduko mukutakura kwavo, zvirinani kugara pane yakasarudzika system.

Kumiswa kumashure

Kumashure kwebogie, kuiswa kwepneumatic system kunoenderana nerudzi rwekumiswa kwemota. Kana paine MacPherson-mhando maraki, uye dhizaini iri yakawanda-yekubatanidza, saka hazvizonetse kuisa ma cylinders pane stock stock. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekutsvaga iyo chaiyo nadzurudzo. Asi kana uchishandisa iyo yakasanganiswa nadzurudzo (iyo yekuvhundutsa absorber uye humburumbira zvakabatanidzwa kuita module imwe), zvingave zvakakosha kuti uchinje zvishoma kumiswa kwemota.

Kana paine shizha rekumiswa pamashizha eshure mumotokari, mweya unokwanisa kuiswa nenzira mbiri. Usati wachinja kumisa, ndapota cherekedza kuti matsime ese emashizha haakwanise kubviswa. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti, pamusoro pechirimo mhedzisiro, zvinhu izvi zvinogadzikisa kumashure ekisero. Kana iwe ukabvisa zvachose matsime ese, iwe uchafanirwa kuisa lever system, uye uku kukanganisa kwakakomba mukugadzirwa kwemotokari, izvo zvinoda chiitiko chakakura cheinjiniya.

Nekudaro, yekutanga nzira yekuisa mweya bhero pamhepo yekumisa. Isu tinosiya machira mashoma kudivi rega kuitira kuti varambe vachiita basa rekudzikamisa akabatana. Panzvimbo pemashizha akabviswa (pakati pemuviri nezvitubu), bhegi remhepo rakaiswa.

Nzira yechipiri inodhura. Kazhinji inoshandiswa nevaridzi vemota avo vanoda kuwedzera "pombi" kumiswa kwemota. Matsime ese anobviswa uye 4-poindi airbag dhizaini yakaiswa kune yega divi panzvimbo. Zvemazuva ano izvi, vagadziri vazhinji vakatogadzira yakasarudzika kits yekusunga iyo inobvumidza iwe kuisa pneumatics ine mashoma simbi.

Mhando mbiri dzeanoshambadzira dzinopihwa iyo 4-pointi retrofit:

• Triangular. Idzi zvikamu zvinoshandiswa pamotokari dzevapfuuri dzekushandisa kwemazuva ese.
• Kufanana. Zvinhu zvakadai zvinoshandiswa mumarori. Kana mota yemutyairi ichishandiswa kumhanyisa mujaho (maficha emakwikwi aya anotsanangurwa pano) kana mamwe marudzi e auto-makwikwi, iwo akafanana mhando levers anoshandiswa.

Pneumocylinders

Zvinhu izvi zvino zvakagadzirwa nerabha kana yakakwirira-simba polyurethane. Ichi chinyorwa chine elasticity yakakura uye simba, iyo inovimbisa kusimba kwehurongwa. Uyezve, zvinhu izvi zvinorwisana nemamiriro ekunze akaipa, kushushikana kwemagetsi paunenge uchityaira (jecha, tsvina nematombo zvinorova zvikamu zvose zviri pasi pepasi pemotokari), kudengenyeka uye makemikari anosasa mumugwagwa munguva yechando.

Vatengi vepneumatic system vanopihwa matatu marudzi emasilinda:

• Kaviri. Mune chimiro chavo, masilinda akadaro akafanana neawa. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe analogues, rudzi urwu rwemasilinda ane huru yakachinjika kuchinjika;
• Conical. Vane zvinhu zvakafanana nemamwe matsime emhepo. Chimiro chavo chete chinokubvumira kuti uise zvinhu zvakadaro munzvimbo shoma. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zverudzi urwu ndezvishoma zvishoma zvekugadziriswa kwekukwirira kwemotokari yemotokari;
• Roller. Aya mabhero emhepo akagadzirirwa kushandiswa mumamiriro akakosha. Masilinda akadaro anosarudzwa paunenge uchiisa chaiyo yekumisa dhizaini uye kudikanwa kwekugadzirisa imwe mota kureba parameter. Paunenge uchitenga kititi, mugadziri acharatidza kuti ndeapi marudzi emasilinda anokurudzirwa kushandiswa mune imwe nyaya.

Solenoid mavharuvhu uye pneumatic mitsetse

Kuti kumiswa kwemhepo kushande, kuwedzera kune masilinda, sisitimu inofanirwa kunge iine mitsetse yepneumatic uye nzira dzekuvhara (mavharuvhu), sezvo mapiro anosimuka uye akabata huremu hwemotokari nekuda kwemhepo inopombwa mavari.

Pneumatic mitsara igadziriro yemapombi ekumanikidza anoiswa pasi pepasi pemota. Kunyangwe muchikamu chino chemotokari mutsara unoratidzwa kune hukasha hwemareagents uye hunyoro, haugone kuiswa kuburikidza nekamuri yevatyairi, nekuti kana pakaitika depressurization, hazvizove zvakafanira kuparadzanisa zvachose imba yese yevatakuri. kugadzirisa.

Nzira huru inovimbika inogadzirwa nesimbi isina-ferrous, asi kunewo magadzirirwo akaitwa polyurethane uye rubber.

Mavharuvhu anodiwa pakupomba uye kubata mweya wemhepo mune imwe chikamu chemutsara. Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha zvinotonga iyo yose pneumatic system. Yekutanga kumiswa kwemhepo yakagamuchira kaviri-yedunhu mhando. Kukanganisa kwemaitiro akadaro kwaive kufamba kwakasununguka kwemhepo kubva kune compressor kusvika kumasilinda uye zvakasiyana. Pakupinda mujaho, nekuda kwekugovaniswazve kwehuremu hwemotokari mumasisitimu akadaro, mhepo kubva kumasilinda akaremerwa akadzvanywa kunze kwedunhu risingatakurwe, iro rakawedzera zvakanyanya roll yemota.

Mazuva ano pneumatic masisitimu ane akati wandei mavharuvhu anochengetedza kudzvanywa mune imwe suspension unit. Nekuda kweizvi, kumiswa kwakadaro kunokwanisa kukwikwidza neanalogues ine spring damper elements. Kuti uwedzere kunyatso kudzora sisitimu, mavharuvhu e solenoid anoshandiswa, anokonzereswa nemasaini kubva kune control module.

Kudzora module

Uyu ndiwo moyo wekumiswa kwemhepo. Mumusika wemagetsi masisitimu, unogona kuwana mamodule akareruka, ayo anomiririrwa neyakajeka yemagetsi switch. Kana uchida, unogona kuwana imwe inodhura sarudzo ine microprocessor ine software yakaiswa mairi.

Yakadaro yekudzora module inotarisisa masaini kubva kune akasiyana masensa muhurongwa uye inoshandura kudzvanywa mumasekete nekuvhura / kuvhara mavharuvhu uye kuvhura / kudzima compressor. Kuitira kuti zvemagetsi zvisapesane nesoftware yekombuta yebhodhi kana yepakati control unit, inozvimiririra kune mamwe masisitimu.

Mugashiri

Chiposhi (receiver) igaba rinopinzwa mweya. Nekuda kwechinhu ichi, kudzvanywa kwemhepo kunochengetwa mumutsetse wese uye, kana zvichidikanwa, iyi chengetedzo inoshandiswa kuitira kuti compressor isabatike kazhinji.

Kunyangwe iyo sisitimu inogona kushanda zvakasununguka pasina anogamuchira, kuvepo kwayo kunodiwa kuitira kuderedza mutoro pane compressor. Nekuda kwekuiswa kwayo, iyo compressor inoshanda zvishoma kazhinji, izvo zvinowedzera hupenyu hwayo hwekushanda. Iyo supercharger inobatidza chete mushure mekunge kudzvanywa kwemugamuchiri kwadonha kune imwe kukosha.

Mhando dzakasiyana nenhamba yemakona

Kuwedzera kune dhizaini maficha uye simba reanogadzira, pane maviri-wedunhu uye mana-maseketi shanduro dzemhando dzese dzekumisa mweya. Shanduro yekutanga yakashandiswa pamatanda anopisa muhafu yepiri yema1990.

1) Imwe-dunhu; 2) Kaviri-dunhu; 3) China-dunhu

Ngatitarisei zvimwe zvezvinhu zveaya masisitimu.

Kaviri-dunhu

Muchiitiko ichi, mhepo mbiri dzemhepo, dzakasungirirwa pane imwechete axle, dzakabatana. Nezve kuiswa, yakadaro sisitimu iri nyore kuisa. Zvakakwana kuisa imwe vharuvhu pane imwe ekisero.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandurwa uku kune chakakosha kudzora. Kana mota ichipinda mukutendeuka nekumhanyisa, mweya kubva pasirinda yakatakurika wakapinda mukamuri reiyo isina kunyanya kutakurwa, nekuda kwekuti, pachinzvimbo chekudzikamisa mota, rwonzi rwemuviri rwakatowedzera. Mumotokari dzakareruka, dambudziko iri rinogadziriswa nekuisa iyo inoyambuka inogadzikana yekuomarara kukuru.

Four-wedunhu

Nekuda kwekukanganisa kwakakura kweiyo yapfuura pneumatic system, mana-wedunhu vhezheni yakaiswa pamota dzemazuva ano. Iyo yekubatanidza fomula ine yakazvimiririra kutonga kwega kwega mvuto. Kune izvi, piro yega yega inotsamira pane imwe vharuvhu.

Iyi nadzurudzo yakafanana neye roll roll muripo wemota dzakashandisirwa kumhanya njanji. Inopa chinogadziriswa chakatsiga chekubvisa kwepasi zvichienderana nenzvimbo yemutumbi wemota maererano nemugwagwa.

Kudzora maitiro

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, ina-yakasungirwa system inozopihwa nemagetsi. Iyi ndiyo yega sarudzo sarudzo iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uchinje mamiriro ekumiswa mune diki diki. Ichokwadi, ino sisitimu yakanyanya kunetsa kuisa (iwe unofanirwa kusanganisa zvakanaka ese maseru anodiwa neyuniti yekudzora), uye inodhura zvakanyanya.

Sechisarudzo chebhajeti, muridzi wemota anokwanisa kuisa yemanyorero system Iyi sarudzo inogona kushandiswa ese ari maviri-wedunhu uye pane mana-wedunhu system. Mune ino kesi, yekumanikidza geji uye bhatani rekutonga rakaiswa pane yepakati koni yekutarisa kumanikidza mumutsara.

Chinhu chinodhura asi chinonyanya kushanda kuisa emagetsi mutongi. Iyi sisitimu inoshandisa solenoid valves ayo anoshandiswa nemagetsi. Nadzurudzo kwakadaro kuchava ine kudzora chikwata, seti sensors zvakakodzera kuona nzvimbo motokari uye mwero humburumbira inflation.

Zvakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura zvinogona kuve nehurongwa hwakawanda hwekudzivirira. Ngatitarisei kuti imwe neimwe yadzo inoshanda sei.

Pressure kuyera kudzora system

Mune dzidziso, ino sisitimu inosarudza chinzvimbo chemhepo chitubu (zvemagetsi zvinogadzirisa kune ino paramende kuona huwandu hwenzvimbo). Pressure sensors mu system inoendesa masaini kune iyo control unit, ichibvumira iyo yemagetsi kuona iyo kukwira kukwirira Asi yakadaro sisitimu system ine yakakosha kudzoka.

Kana iyo mota yakanyatso kutakurwa (kune huwandu hwakawanda hwevatakurwi mukamuri, uye paine mutoro unorema mudhiramu), saka kumanikidzwa mumugwagwa mukuru kuchasvetuka zvechokwadi. Zvichienderana nema sensors ekumanikidza, iyo-pane-bhodhi komputa inoona kuti mota yakasimudzwa kusvika pakakwirira pakakwirira, asi pachokwadi inogona kunge yakanyanya kuderera.

Kudzora kwakadaro kwakakodzera kune dzakareruka mota, umo mutoro unorema usingawanzo kutakurwa. Kunyangwe refueling kune yakazara tangi kugona inoshandura iyo mota kukwira kukwirira kudzora. Neichi chikonzero, iyo otomatiki ichaisa zvisirizvo kubvumidzwa kwepasi.

Zvakare, iko kukanganisa kukuru kwerudzi urwu rweanoshanda control system kunoenderana nemafambiro anoitwa nemotokari. Semuenzaniso, kana mota ikagadzira kona refu, rimwe divi rekumiswa rinotakurwa zvakanyanya. Zvemagetsi zvinodudzira shanduko iyi sekusimudza rumwe rutivi rwemotokari. Nomuzvarirwo, kugadzikana kwemuviri algorithm inokonzereswa.

Mune ino kesi, iyo yakatakura chikamu chetambo inotanga kuburuka, uye mweya wakawanda unoputirwa muchikamu chisina kuburitswa. Nekuda kweizvi, roll yemotokari inowedzera, uye inozununguka kana uchinge wakona. Iyo mbiri-yedunhu system ine kusarongeka kwakafanana.

Kudzora system inodzora clearance

Inobudirira zvakanyanya zvine chekuita nenhamba hombe yemitoro misiyano pane mamwe masirinda ndiyo inobata daro chairo kubva pasi pemunhu kuenda kumugwagwa pamusoro. Iyo inosanganisa zvese zvikanganiso zvinoitwa neshanduro yapfuura. Kutenda kuvepo kwema sensors ayo anoona mhinduro yekumiswa kune kuwedzera kwekumanikidza mune mamwe maseketi, zvemagetsi zvinonyatsoisa mvumo zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu munzira.

Kunyangwe paine mukana uyu, yakadaro sisitimu inodzora zvakare ine chinetso. Pamabatiro akakwana emotokari, zvakakosha kuti kuomesa kuomarara kwakada kufanana. Musiyano wekumanikidza pakati pemhepo dzakasiyana mvuto haufanire kudarika makumi maviri muzana.

Asi kana emagetsi ari kuyedza kuenzanisa mota zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, mune mamwe mamiriro musiyano uyu unopfuura paramende iyi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chimwe chikamu chekumiswa kwacho chakaomarara sezvinobvira, nepo chimwe chiri chakapfava. Izvi zvinokanganisa kubata kwemuchina.

Sanganisa masisitimu

Kuti abvise zvikanganiso nekukanganisa kweese ari maviri masystem masystem, akabatanidzwa ekutonga masisitimu akagadzirwa. Ivo vanobatanidza zvakanakira zvese zviri zviviri izvo zvinodzora kumanikidza mumatunhu uye neiyo inosarudza huwandu hwenzvimbo. Nekuda kwekusanganiswa uku, pamusoro pekutarisa nzvimbo yemotokari pachayo, masystem aya anochinja basa remumwe neumwe.

Iyo yakafanana control system yakagadzirwa neAir Ride Tec. Iyo yekushandurwa inonzi Level Pro. Mune ino kesi, iyo yemagetsi control unit yakarongedzwa kuita matatu modes. Yepamusoro, yepakati uye yepasi mota inokodzera. Imwe yeaya ma modhi anotendera iwe kuti ushandise mota munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandisa, kubva kumatasheni enzira kuenda kumugwagwa.

Iyo seti yemweya pneumatic mvuto uye solenoid mavhavha anoshanda ese ari maviri kubva otomatiki uye echinyorwa modhi. Mota painosvika padhuze nespeed bump, haimuki yega kukunda ichi chipingaidzo. Kune izvi, zvemagetsi zvinofanirwa kuve nenhamba hombe yemasaenzi anoongorora mugwagwa pamberi. Aya masisitimu anodhura kwazvo.

Modified masisitimu

Iwo masisitimu akanyorwa pamusoro akagadziridzwa kune zvakajairika mota dzemumugwagwa. Kune marori uye nyanzvi dzemitambo mota, pane akagadziridzwa masystem ekudzora ayo anopa nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana auto kugadzirisa kwemotokari.

Padivi rinoshanda, zvirinani kuisa kit yakagadzirirwa yakagadzirirwa yakagadzirirwa paSUV, mota yekutakura kana tsvimbo ine simba pane kupisa kuyedza kumisikidza iwe pachako. Kuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti kukura kwakadai kunotora nguva yakawanda, pane mukana mukuru wekuti makanika anogona kuita zvisirizvo zvisizvo, uye kumiswa kwacho hakugone kutakura mitoro.

Kusarudza kit yakagadzirirwa, muridzi wemota anongoda kutarisa runyorwa rwunopihwa nemugadziri: kana ichi chigadzirwa chakakodzera uyu modhi wemota kana kwete. Iyo inofunga nezve nhambwe iri pakati pemavhiri uye vhiri revhiri liners, zviyero zvemajoini ebhora, huwandu hweshanduro yekubatisa ekisero uye mamwe ma parameter, pahwaro iyo otomatiki inosarudza kuti imhepo yakawanda sei inofanira kupomberedzwa mumasirinda.

Zvikamu zvekushanda

Sezvatotaurwa, chinhu chinokosha chekumiswa kwemhepo, pasinei nekugadzirwa kwayo, ndiyo mari yakakwirira. Kunyangwe masisitimu emazuva ano akavimbika uye anoshanda, kana akundikana, kugadzirisa kwavo kunoshanduka kuita musoro chaiwo uye "gomba dema" muchikwama.

Kana iyo motokari yakashongedzerwa nemhepo yakazaruka, inokurudzirwa kushandisa kusimudza kakawanda panguva yekugeza motokari kuitira kunyatsoshambidza tsvina nejecha pasi pemacuffs. Kuchenjerera kunofanirawo kubhadharwa kune mhepo mutsara hoses - ita shuwa kuti haina kuputika. Kana kubuda kwemhepo kukaitika, inofanira kubviswa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, nokuti kuchinja nguva dzose kunoderedza hupenyu hwekushanda kwe compressor.

Vamwe vanotenda kuti kuwanda kwekuchinja mukubvisirwa pasi kana kuomarara kwekumiswa kunofanirwa kudzikiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kune vatyairi vakadaro, kumiswa kwemhepo hakudiwi, uye kumiswa kwakakwana kwavari. Chero sisitimu ine sosi yayo, zvisinei kuti unoedza sei kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi. Kuvapo kwekumiswa kwemhepo kunoita kuti mota iite zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, iwane pundutso off-road uye inofambiswa zvakanyanya nekumhanya kukuru.

Kumiswa kwemhepo zvakanakira nekuipira

Chero kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvefekitori zvemotokari zvine zvese zvakanaka uye zvakashata zvemari. Kutanga, nezve zvakanakira pneumatics:

1. Somugumisiro wekugadzirisa zvakare kumiswa kwemotokari, kana kutapurirana kana kunyorovesa kweese auto maunitsi kunotambura. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, iyo geometry yekumisa pachayo inochinja zvishoma.
2. Kumiswa kwemhepo kunokwanisa kuchengetedza kukwirira kwemuchina, zvisinei nemutoro. Kana mutoro ukagovaniswa zvisina kukodzera pamusoro pemuviri, sisitimu inochengetedza mota seyakaenzana sezvinobvira inoenderana nemugwagwa.
3. Kana zvichidikanwa, muchina unogona kusimudzwa kuti ukurire zvipingamupinyi mumugwagwa. Uye nekuda kweshanduko inoonekwa pane yakati sandara pamusoro, mota inogona kutarisirwa pasi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira (nepo kureba kushoma kuchikonzera kukurumidza kupfeka kwemapiro).
4. Kutenda kune yemhando yepamusoro kugadzikana kana mumakona, mota haina kutenderera, izvo zvinowedzera nyaradzo parwendo.
5. Iyo pneumatic system yakanyarara.
6. Paunenge uchiisa mhepo inoputika pamwe nekumiswa kwefekitori, zvikamu zvakajairika zvinogara kwenguva yakareba. Kutenda neizvi, chirongwa chebasa rekugadzirisa chakanyanya kuwedzerwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kumiswa kwakadai kunokwanisa kukwira kusvika kumamirioni 1 km.
7. Inofananidzwa nemotokari yakafanana nekumiswa kwekare, mota yakashongedzwa nemweya wepombi ine muhoro muhombe.

Usati wafunga kusimudzira kumiswa kwemota yako nekuisa pneumatic system, unofanirwa kufunga nezve zvese zvakaipa zvekusimudzira. Uye izvi zvipingaidzo zvakakosha:

1. Kuisa pneumatic pamotokari yako, unofanirwa kushandisa mari yakanaka pakutenga kwezvinhu zvese zvinodiwa. Uye zvakare, mari inofanirwa kupihwa kubhadhara kuitira basa rehunyanzvi uyo anogona kugona kubatanidza node dzese. Kana iwe uchironga kutengesa mota mune ramangwana, saka mumusika wechipiri, yakachipa modhi, yakagadziridzwa nenzira iyi, inodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura chikamu chemutengo icho chairi. Chaizvoizvo, masisitimu akadaro anoshanda kushandisa mukutakura zvinhu kana pamamodeli eiyo "Bhizinesi" kirasi.
2. Sisitimu yakadaro inoda zvikuru pamamiriro ekushanda Anotya tsvina, mvura, guruva nejecha. Kuichengeta yakachena kunotora kuyedza kukuru, kunyanya kupihwa mamiriro emigwagwa yanhasi.
3. Iyo airbag pachayo haina kugadziriswa. Kana, nekuda kwekushanda zvisina kufanira (semuenzaniso, kugara uchityaira uine pasi pechibvumirano), zvadzikira, zvinofanirwa kuchinjirwa neimwe nyowani.
4. Kubudirira kwematsime emhepo kunodzikira nekutanga kwechando.
5. Zvakare, munguva yechando, zvinhu zvine pneumatic zvinozviisa pasi pechisimba mhedzisiro ye reagents inosasa nzira.

Kana mutyairi akagadzirira kutsungirira zvikanganiso izvi, saka tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti, tichienzanisa neyakajairika zvitubu uye kuvhunduka absorbers, pneumatic analogue (kunyanya yazvino zviitiko) ichave inoshanda. Zvisinei, zvinosuruvarisa, kukura kwakadaro kunowanikwa chete kune vapfumi vatyairi uye vagari vekumaodzanyemba kwemaodzanyemba.

Pamusoro pezvo, tarisa ongororo yevhidhiyo yeshanduko uye maficha ekumiswa kwemhepo:

CHII CHINONZI KUSIMISWA KWEMUMWE MUMOTO UYE KUSIMBISWA KWAYO

Vhidhiyo pamusoro wenyaya

Heino vhidhiyo pfupi nezve mashandiro ekumiswa kwemhepo:

Kumisa mhepo kunoshanda sei? Zvese zvakanakira kumiswa kwemhepo. Air kumiswa Volkswagen Tuareg.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chakaipa nekumisa mhepo? Iyo yakaoma dhizaini uye kusachengeteka kwakashata kwemayuniti inoita kuti idhure kwazvo kugadzirisa nekuchengetedza. Zviwanikwa zvayo zvinokanganiswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze, makemikari emumugwagwa uye kutonhora kwechando.

Ko air suspension compressor inoshanda sei? Iyo piston inodzokorora mumutsetse. Mavharuvhu ekusveta nekuburitsa anovhura achichinjana. Mhepo inoyerera kuburikidza ne dehumidifier ichipinda mutangi rekushanda.

Kumisa mhepo kunoshanda sei parori? Kutanga, iyo braking system yakazadzwa nemhepo. Ipapo inopombwa mumatsime emhepo, uye ipapo inopombwa mumugamuchiri. Mhepo kubva kune inogamuchira inoshandiswa kushandura kuoma kwekunyorova.