Volvo

Zviri mukati MuvambiEmblemCar nhoroondo mumamodeliMibvunzo nemhinduro: Volvo yakawana mukurumbira seautomaker inogadzira mota nemarori, pamwe nemichina yakakosha inovimbika zvakanyanya. Iyo mhando yagara ichigamuchira mibairo yekuvandudza yakavimbika mota yekuchengetedza masisitimu. Pane imwe nguva, motokari yemhando iyi yaizivikanwa seyakachengeteka munyika. Kunyangwe hazvo zita raigara riripo sechikamu chakaparadzaniswa chezvimwe zvinonetsa, kune vakawanda vatyairi ikambani yakazvimirira ine mamodheru akakodzera kutariswa zvakanyanya. Heino nyaya yeiyi mugadziri wemotokari, iyo yave chikamu cheGeely akabata (takatotaura nezve iyi automaker nguva pfupi yapfuura). Muvambi 1920s muUnited States neEurope anenge panguva imwe chete achiwedzera kufarira mukugadzirwa kwemakina maturusi. Mugore rechi23, kuratidzwa kwemotokari kunoitwa muguta reSweden reGothenburg. Chiitiko ichi chakashanda sesimba rekupambira mukurumbira kwemotokari dzinozvifambisa, nekuda kwekuti dzimwe mota dzakatanga kupinzwa munyika. Nechekare mugore rechi25, anenge zviuru gumi nezvina nehafu makopi emotokari kubva kuvagadziri vakasiyana akasvika munyika. Mutemo wemakambani akawanda ekugadzira motokari waiva wekugadzira motokari itsva nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Panguva imwecheteyo, vazhinji, nekuda kweiyo nguva yekupedzisira, vakakanganisa pamhando. MuSweden, kambani yemaindasitiri SKF yanga ichigadzira zvikamu zvinovimbika zveakasiyana-siyana mamechani application kwenguva yakareba. Chikonzero chikuru chekuzivikanwa kwezvikamu izvi ndeyekuyedzwa kwekumanikidzwa kwebudiriro isati yapinda mumutsara wegungano. Kuti upe musika weEurope kwete chete yakagadzikana, asi pamusoro pese mota dzakachengeteka uye dzakasimba, diki Volvo subsidiary yakagadzirwa. Zviri pamutemo, zuva rekugadzirwa kweiyo brand ndeye 14.04.1927/XNUMX/XNUMX, apo yekutanga Jakob modhi yakaonekwa. Iyo mhando yemota inokwereta kutaridzika kwayo kune mamaneja maviri eSweden anogadzira maspare parts. Ava ndiGustaf Larson naAssar Gabrielsson. Assar aive CEO uye Gustaf aive CTO yemhando yemota nyowani. Mumakore ake kuSKF, Gabrielsson akaona mukana wezvigadzirwa izvo chirimwa chakagadzirwa pamusoro peanalogues kubva kune mamwe makambani. Izvi zvakamupwisa pese pese kuti Sweden yaigona kupa mota dzakanyatsokodzera kumusika wepasi rose. Pfungwa yakafanana yakatsigirwa nemushandi wake - Larson. Mushure mekunge vadyidzani vagonesa manejimendi ekambani nezvekurudziro yekugadzira mhando nyowani, Larson akatanga kutsvaga makanika ehunyanzvi, uye Gabrielsson akagadzira zvirongwa zvehupfumi uye akaverengera kuita zano ravo. Mota gumi dzekutanga dzakagadzirwa nemari yaGabrielsson yaakachengeta. Motokari idzi dzakaunganidzwa pakambani yeSKF, kambani yaive nechikamu mukutengeswa kwemotokari itsva. Iyo kambani yevabereki yakapa rusununguko kune embodiment yeinjiniya mazano kune anotsigira, uye yakapawo mukana wekusimudzira kwega. Nekuda kweizvi, mhando nyowani yaive ine simba rekuvhura padhi iyo vazhinji venguva yayo vaive vasina. Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvakabatsira mubudiriro yekambani: Kambani yevabereki yakagovera michina yekutanga yekuunganidza mhando dzeVolvo; Sweden yakanga ine mihoro yakaderera zvikuru, izvo zvakaita kuti zvibvire kuhaya nhamba yakakwana yevashandi nokuda kwebhizimisi; Nyika iyi yakagadzira simbi yayo, iyo yakanga yakakurumbira pasi rose, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvakawanikwa kune mutsva wekugadzira motokari nemari shoma; Nyika yaida mhando yemotokari yayo; Indasitiri yakagadziridzwa muSweden, nekuda kwekuti zvaive nyore kuwana nyanzvi dzinokwanisa kwete chete kuunganidza mota nemhando yepamusoro, asiwo kugadzira masipire ayo. Emblem Kuti mamodheru emugadziri wemotokari itsva azivikanwe pasi rese (uye ichi chaive chinhu chakakosha muchirongwa chekuvandudza mhando), logo yaidiwa yaizoratidza kuzivikanwa kwekambani. Izwi rechiLatin Volvo rakatorwa sezita rechiratidzo. Shanduro yake (I roll) yakasimbisa zvakakwana nzvimbo huru iyo kambani yemubereki yakabudirira - kugadzirwa kwebhora mabheti. Leiba akaonekwa muna 1927. Sechimiro chakasiyana, vakasarudza chiratidzo chesimbi, icho chaizivikanwa mutsika dzevanhu vekuMadokero. Rairatidzwa sedenderedzwa rine museve wakanongedza kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Hapana chikonzero chekutsanangura kwenguva yakareba kuti sei chisarudzo ichi chakaitwa, nokuti Sweden ine indasitiri yesimbi yakagadzirwa, uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika inenge yose. Pakutanga, zvakasarudzwa kuisa bheji pakati pemhepo huru yekutora. Dambudziko rakatarisana nevagadziri raive rekushaikwa kwegrille yekusungirira chiratidzo. Chiratidzo neimwe nzira chaifanira kugadziriswa pakati pe radiator. Uye nzira chete yekubuda yaive yekushandisa chimwe chinhu (inonzi bar). Yakanga iri diagonal strip iyo bheji yakasungirirwa, uye iyo pachayo yakagadziriswa pamicheto ye radiator. Kunyangwe mota dzemazuva ano dziine grille yekudzivirira nekumisikidza, mugadziri akafunga kuchengeta mutsetse wedhizoni seimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zveiyo logo yemota yatove nemukurumbira. Nhoroondo yemotokari mumhando Saka, muenzaniso wekutanga wakabva pamusangano weVolvo waiva Jakob kana OV4 motokari. Iyo "dangwe" yekambani yakanga isiri yemhando yepamusoro sezvaitarisirwa. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti panguva yegungano, ma mechanics akaisa mota zvisizvo. Mushure mekunge dambudziko ragadziriswa, motokari yakanga isati yagamuchirwa nekuyemura kukuru nevateereri. Chikonzero ndechekuti yaive nemuviri wakavhurika, uye kune nyika ine mamiriro ekunze akaoma, mota dzakavharwa dzaive dzinoshanda. Injini ye 28-horsepower 4-cylinder yakaiswa pasi pehood yemotokari, iyo inogona kukurumidza kufambisa motokari kusvika ku90 km / h. chinhu chaive mumotokari yaive chassis. Mugadziri akasarudza kushandisa dhizaini yakakosha mumotokari dzekutanga. Gumbo rimwe nerimwe raiva nemasipoki uye raiva nerimu raigona kubviswa. Kunze kwekukanganisa kwehunhu hweungano uye dhizaini, kambani haina kukwanisa kuita kuti mota ifarirwe, sezvo mainjiniya akapa nguva yakawandisa kuhunhu, izvo zvakaita kuti kugadzirwa kwechiitiko chinotevera kunonoke. Heano makiyi akakosha ekambani akasiya mucherechedzo pane ayo modhi. 1928 - Iyo PV4 Special inooneka. Iyi ndiyo yakawedzerwa vhezheni yemotokari yapfuura, mutengi chete ndiye atopihwa sarudzo mbiri dzemuviri: denga rekupeta kana denga rakaomarara. 1928 - Kugadzirwa kwerudzi-1 rori kunotanga pane imwechete chassis saJakob. 1929 - kuratidzwa kweinjini yekugadzira kwayo. Uku kugadziridzwa kweiyo matanhatu-cylinder unit yakagamuchirwa nePV651 muchina (6 cylinders, 5 zvigaro, 1st series). 1930 - motokari iripo yakagadziridzwa: inogamuchira chassis yakareba, nekuda kwekuti pane vanhu 7 vanogona kugara muimba. Aya aive Volvo TR671 uye 672. Motokari dzacho dzaishandiswa nevatyairi vemakombi, uye kana imba yacho yainge yakazara zvachose, mutyairi aigona kushandisa turera kutakura mikwende yevafambi. 1932 - Mota inowedzera kukwidziridzwa. Saka, chikwata chemasimba chave chichiwedzera - 3,3 litita, nekuda kwekuti simba rayo rakawedzera kusvika 65 horsepower. Sekufambisa, vakatanga kushandisa 4-speed gearbox panzvimbo ye 3-speed counterpart. 1933 - Iyo yakasarudzika vhezheni yeP654 inooneka. Motokari yakagamuchira kumiswa kwakasimbiswa uye kuvharidzira inzwi kuri nani. Mugore rimwe chetero, motokari inokosha yakaunzwa isina kumbosvika pagungano nokuti vateereri vakanga vasati vagadzirira dhizaini yakadaro. Hunhu hweiyo yakagadzirwa nemaoko yeVenus Bilo modhi yaive yekuti yaive yakanaka aerodynamic zvivakwa. Kukura kwakafanana kwakashandiswa kune mimwe mienzaniso yezvizvarwa zvakazotevera. 1935 - Iyo kambani inoenderera mberi nekuvandudza chiono cheAmerica chemotokari. Saka, motokari itsva ine zvigaro zvitanhatu Carioca PV6 inobuda. Kutanga nemuenzaniso uyu, motokari dzakatanga kushandisa grille inodzivirira. Boka rekutanga remota dzemhando yepamusoro raisanganisira mazana mashanu emakopi. Mugore rimwe chete, mota yemutyairi wetekisi yakagamuchira imwe yekuvandudza, uye injini yakanyanya kusimba - 80 hp. 1936 - Iyo kambani inosimbirira kuti chinhu chekutanga chinofanira kunge chiri mumotokari chero ipi zvayo ndeyekuchengetedza, uyezve kunyaradza uye maitiro. Iyi pfungwa inoratidzwa mumhando dzose dzinotevera. Chizvarwa chinotevera chePV vhezheni chinooneka. Chete ikozvino modhi yakanyorwa 51. Yakatova 5-seat luxury sedan, asi yakareruka kupfuura yakatangira, uye panguva imwechete yakawedzera simba. 1937 - Chizvarwa chinotevera PV (52) chinowana zvimwe zvinonyaradza: maziso ezuva, girazi rinopisa, mawrestrests mumafuremu emikova, uye kupeta zvigaro kumashure. 1938 - Iyo PV renji inogamuchira kugadziridzwa kutsva ine akati wandei epakutanga fekitori mavara (burgundy, bhuruu uye girini). Kugadziridza 55 uye 56 ine yakagadziridzwa radiator grille, pamwe neyakagadziridzwa yekumberi optics. Mugore rimwe chetero, zvikepe zvematekisi zvinogona kutenga iyo yakachengetedzwa modhi PV801 (mugadziri akaisa girazi rakasimba pakati pemitsara yekumberi neshure). Kamba iyi yainge yava kukwanisa kugara vanhu 8 kusanganisira mutyairi. 1943-1944 nekuda kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, kambani haigone kuburitsa mota mune yakajairwa modhi, saka inochinja kune kugadzirwa kwemashure ehondo mota. Iyo purojekiti yakabudirira uye yakakonzera iyo PV444 pfungwa mota. Kuburitswa kwayo kunotanga mugore rechi44. Iyi motokari ine simba rakaderera ine injini yemabhiza makumi mana ndiyo chete (munhoroondo yekugadzirwa kweVolvo) yakanga ine mafuta akaderera akadaro. Ichi chinhu chakaita kuti mota ive yakakurumbira pakati pevatyairi vane hupfumi hushoma. 1951 - mushure mekubudirira kusunungurwa kwePV444 kugadziriswa, kambani yakasarudza kugadzira motokari dzemhuri. Mukutanga kwema50, Volvo Duett yakakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano. Yaive imwechete yapfuura subcompact, muviri chete wakashandurwa kuti uenderane nezvinodiwa nemhuri huru. 1957 - Iyo yeSweden mhando inotanga kushandisa zano rekupinda mumusika wepasirese. Uye iyo automaker inosarudza kuhwina kutarisisa kwevateereri neAmazone nyowani, iyo yakagadziridzwa kuchengetedzwa. Kunyanya, yakanga iri motokari yekutanga iyo 3-point mabhandi akaiswa. 1958 - Pasinei nekutengesa kwemuenzaniso wekare, mugadziri anosarudza kusunungura chimwe chizvarwa chePV. Iyo kambani inotanga kuzvizivisa pachayo mumakwikwi emotokari. Saka, Volvo PV444 inotora mubairo wekuhwina mukombe weEuropean Championship muna 58, Grand Prix muArgentina mugore rimwe chetero, pamwe nemujaho weEuropean rally muchikamu chevakadzi muna 59th. 1959 - Iyo kambani inopinda mumusika weAmerica nema122S. 1961 - Iyo P1800 yemitambo coupe inotangwa uye yakahwina akati wandei dhizaini mibairo. 1966 - kugadzirwa kwemotokari yakachengeteka kunotanga - Volvo144. Yakashandisa kugadzirwa kwedual-circuit brake system, uye cardan gear yakashandiswa mudhiraivha kuitira kuti pakaitika tsaona inopeta uye isingakuvadzi mutyairi. 1966 - inowoneka zvine simba vhezheni yemitambo Amazone - 123GT. 1967 - Gungano repikoko 145 uye 142S maviri-masuo anotanga kunzvimbo dzekugadzira. 1968 - kambani inopa motokari itsva yeumbozha - Volvo 164. Pasi pehodhi yemotokari, injini ye145-horsepower yakanga yatoiswa, iyo yakabvumira motokari kuti isvike pakumhanya kwemakiromita 145 paawa. 1971 - Kutenderera kutsva kwekutengesa kwakanyanya kunotanga. Mazhinji mamodheru akatorasikirwa nekukosha kwawo, uye zvakange zvisisabatsiri kuavandudza. Nechikonzero ichi, kambani iri kuburitsa iyo itsva 164E, iyo inoshandisa jekiseni mafuta system. Injini simba rakasvika 175 horsepower. 1974 - Mharidzo yezvinyorwa zvitanhatu zve240 uye mbiri - 260. Muchiitiko chechipiri, motokari yakashandiswa, yakagadzirwa nevainjiniya kubva kumakambani matatu - Renault, Peugeot uye Volvo. Pasinei nekuonekwa kusinganzwisisike, motokari dzakagamuchira mamakisi epamusoro-soro maererano nekuchengeteka. 1976 - iyo kambani inopa budiriro yayo, iyo yakagadzirirwa kudzikisa zviri mukati mezvinhu zvinokuvadza mukubuda kwemotokari nekuda kwekupisa-kwemhando yekupisa kwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa. Iyo budiriro yainzi Lambda probe (iwe unogona kuverenga nezve musimboti wekushanda kweiyo okisijeni sensor zvakasiyana). Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kweokisijeni sensor, kambani yakagamuchira mubairo kubva kusangano rezvakatipoteredza. 1976 - Saizvozvowo, Volvo 343 ine mari uye yakachengeteka zvakaenzana inoziviswa. 1977 - Iyo kambani, nerubatsiro rweitaly dhizaini studio Bertone, inogadzira yakanakisa 262 coupe. 1979 - pamwe nekumwe kunatsiridzwa kwemamato akatozivikanwa, diki sedan 345 ine 70hp injini inoonekwa. 1980 - iyo automaker inosarudza kugadzirisa injini dzaivepo panguva iyoyo. Pane turbocharged unit inooneka, iyo yakaiswa pamotokari yevafambi. 1982 - kugadzirwa kwechitsva kunotanga - Volvo760. Iyo peculiarity yemuenzaniso yaive yekuti dizeli unit, iyo yakapihwa senge sarudzo, inogona kumhanyisa mota kusvika kumazana mumasekonzi gumi nematatu. Panguva iyoyo ndiyo yainyanya kusimba mota ine injini yedhiziri. 1984 - Chimwe chinhu chitsva chinobva kuSweden brand 740 GLE inoburitswa neinjiniya nyowani umo iko kukanganisika kwekukwesana kwezvikamu zvekukwirisa zvakaderedzwa. 1985 - iyo Geneva Motor Show yakaratidza chimwe chibereko chejoinhi basa revainjiniya veSweden uye vagadziri veItari - iwo 780, ane muviri wakapfuura nepakati peBertone dhizaini studio muTurin. 1987 - Iyo nyowani 480 hatchback inosvitswa neazvino masystem ekuchengetedza, yakazvimirira yekumisa kumashure, sunroof, yepakati yekukiya, ABS uye mamwe matekinoroji epamberi. 1988 - Shanduko 740 GTL inoonekwa. 1990 - Iyo 760 inotsiviwa neVolvo 960, iyo inomiririra bhenji rekuchengetedza, rakasanganiswa neinjini ine simba uye nekufambisa kwakanaka. 1991 - Iyo 850 GL inounza mamwe masystem ekuchengetedza senge padivi kukanganisa kudzivirira mutyairi uye vafambi uye pre-tensioning yemabhanhire echigaro isati yarova. 1994 - Iyo yakanyanya simba modhi munhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwemotokari yeSweden inooneka - 850 T-5R. Pasi pehodhi yemotokari yakanga ine turbocharged injini inovandudza 250 horsepower. 1995 - Somugumisiro wekushandira pamwe naMitsubishi, muenzaniso wakaungana muHolland unowanikwa - S40 uye V40. 1996 - kambani inotanga iyo C70 inoshandurwa. Kugadzirwa kwe850 series kunopera. Pane kudaro, mutakuri anova muenzaniso 70 kumashure kweS (sedan) uye V (chiteshi ngoro). 1997 - S80 akateedzana anoonekwa - bhizinesi-kirasi mota, iyo yakagadzirirwa turbine uye injini yemavhiri ese. 2000 - iyo mhando inozadza iwo mutsara weakasununguka chiteshi ngoro neCross Country modhi. 2002 - Volvo inova mugadziri we crossovers uye SUVs. Iyo XC90 yakavhurwa paDetroit Auto Show. Muna 2017, manejimendi emhando iyi akaita chiziviso chinokatyamadza: iyo automaker iri kubva kure nekugadzirwa kwemota dzakashongedzerwa chete nemukati mejini, uye iri kuchinjika mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi uye mahybrids.