Injini yemafuta jekiseni masisitimu

Basa reinjini yekupisa yemukati inoenderana nekupiswa kwepeturu, dhiziri mafuta kana imwe mhando yemafuta. Zvakare, zvakakosha kuti mafuta asangane zvakanaka nemhepo. Chete mune ino kesi, iyo yakakwira kuburitsa ichave ichibva kumota.

Carburetor mota hadzina kuita kwakafanana neyemazuva ano jekiseni shamwari. Kazhinji, chinhu chakashongedzwa necarburetor chine simba shoma pane yemukati injini yemagetsi ine yekumanikidza jekiseni system, kunyangwe hombe vhoriyamu. Icho chikonzero chakarara mune mhando yekusanganiswa kwepeturu nemhepo. Kana zvinhu izvi zvikasangana zvisina tsarukano, chidimbu chemafuta chinobviswa chobva chaendeswa kunopera, uko chinozotsva.

Mukuwedzera kukundikana kwezvimwe zvinhu zveiyo system yekurasa, semuenzaniso, chinokonzeresa kana mavhavha, injini haizoshandise kugona kwayo kuzere. Nezvikonzero izvi, inomanikidzwa mafuta jekiseni system inoiswa pane yemazuva ano injini. Ngatifungei ayo akasiyana nadzurudzo uye yavo musimboti yekushanda.

Chii chinonzi mafuta jekiseni system

Iyo peturu jekiseni system inoreva mashandiro ekumanikidza kumeta kuyerera kwemafuta mumagetsi majini. Tichifunga kuti nekushaisa moto kweBTC, chiutsi chine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvadza zvinosvibisa nharaunda, mainjini umo jekiseni chairo rinoitwa ane hushamwari zvakatipoteredza.

Kuti uvandudze kusanganisa kushanda, maitiro ekutonga ndeemagetsi. Electronics doses chikamu che peturu zvakanyanya, uye zvakare inokutendera iwe kuigovera muzvikamu zvidiki. Kwapera chinguva, tichakurukura dzakasiyana nadzurudzo yejekiseni masisitimu, asi iwo ane iwo musimboti wekushanda.

Nheyo yekushanda uye chishandiso

Kana zvisati zvaitika kumanikidzwa kupihwa mafuta kwaiitwa chete mumadhigirii edhiziri, saka injini yemagetsi yemazuva ano ine sisitimu yakafanana. Chishandiso chayo, zvichienderana nerudzi, chinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:

• Iyo dhijitari inodzikamisa iyo inogadzirisa zviratidzo zvinogamuchirwa kubva kuma sensors. Kubva pane iyi data, iye anopa rairo kune vanogadzira nezve inguva yekumwaya peturu, huwandu hwemafuta uye huwandu hwemhepo.
• Sensors yakaiswa padhuze neiyo vharuvhu vharuvhu, kutenderera iyo inokonzeresa, pane crankshaft, camshaft, nezvimwe. Ivo vanoona huwandu uye tembiricha yemhepo iri kuuya, huwandu hwayo mumagetsi ekudzimisa, uye zvakarekodha akasiyana paramita yekushandisa yeyuniti yemagetsi. Zviratidzo zvinobva kuzvinhu izvi zvinobatsira iyo unit control kudzora jekiseni remafuta uye magetsi kumhepo yaunoda.
• Iwo majekiseni anopfapfaidza peturu kana kupinda mune yakawanda yekudyira kana akananga mukamuri re humburumbira, senge mune injini yedhiziri. Idzi nhengo dzinowanikwa mumusoro we cylinder padhuze nepark plugs kana pane yakawanda yekudyira.
• Yakakwira yekumanikidza peturu pombi iyo inogadzira inodikanwa kumanikidza mumutsara wemafuta. Mune kumwe kunatsurudzwa kwemafuta emagetsi, iyi paramende inofanira kuve yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kumanikidza kwemasilindiri.

Iyo sisitimu inoshanda zvinoenderana nemutemo wakafanana neiyo carburetor analog - panguva iyo mweya unoyerera uchipinda mune yakawanda yekudyira, iyo kamwene (kazhinji, nhamba yavo yakafanana nenhamba yemasilindiri mubhokisi). Izvo zvekutanga zviitiko zvaive zvemuchina mhando. Panzvimbo pe carburetor, yakaiswa mukati mavo imwe kamwene, iyo yaimwaya peturu mune yakawanda yekudyira, nekuda kwekuti chikamu chakatsva zvakanyanya.

Ndicho chete chinhu chakashanda kubva kumagetsi. Mamwe ese maactuator aive echimakanika. Mamwe masisitimu emazuva ano anoshanda pane imwecheteyo, asi ivo chete vanosiyana neyekutanga analogue muhuwandu hwevashandisi uye nzvimbo yekumisikidza kwavo.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzehurongwa dzinopa musanganiswa wakaenzana, kuitira kuti mota ishandise kugona kwakazara kwemafuta, uye zvakare inosangana nezvinodzvinyirira zvakatipoteredza. Bhonasi inonakidza kubasa rejekiseni yemagetsi ndiko kushanda kwemotokari ine simba rinoshanda reiyo unit.

Kana mukutanga zviitiko, paive nechinhu chimwe chete chemagetsi, uye zvimwe zvese zvikamu zvemafuta zvaive zvemhando yechimakanika, injini dzemazuva ano dzakazara nemidziyo yemagetsi. Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kunyatso kugovera mashoma peturu pamwe neunyanzvi kubva kumoto wayo.

Vazhinji vatyairi vanoziva izwi iri seinjini yemuchadenga. Mukushandurwa uku, mafuta anopinda mukudyiwa kwakawandisa uye masirinda nekuda kweiyo vacuum inogadzirwa apo pisitoni inosvika pakafa-pasi pakurova sitiroko. Ese ma carburetor ICE anoshanda zvinoenderana nemutemo uyu. Mazhinji majekiseni emazuva ano ejekiseni anoshanda pane imwecheteyo, atomization chete inoitwa nekuda kwekumanikidza kunoitwa nepombi yemafuta.

Ipfupi nhoroondo yekuonekwa

Pakutanga, ese peturu injini dzaive dzakashongedzerwa zvakasarudzika necarburetors, nekuti kwenguva yakareba iyi ndiyo yega nzira iyo peturu yakasanganiswa nemhepo uye kuyamwa mumakomba. Kushanda kwechigadzirwa ichi mune chokwadi chekuti chikamu chidiki chepeturu chakayamwa mumhepo inoyerera ichipfuura nemukati mechikamu chemukati mune yakawanda yekudyira.

Kwemakore anopfuura zana, chishandiso chakanatswa, nekuda kwekuti mamwe mamodheru anokwanisa kuchinjika kune dzakasiyana modhi dzekushandisa mota. Ehezve, zvemagetsi zvinoita basa iri zvirinani, asi panguva iyoyo yaive yega nzira, iyo yekunatsiridza iyo yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuita kuti mota iwedzere mari kana kuti ikurumidze. Mimwe mitambo yemitambo yemitambo yakatogadzirirwa neakasiyana carburetors, ayo akawedzera zvakanyanya simba remota.

Pakati pemakore makumi mapfumbamwe ezana ramakore rapfuura, kukura uku kwakatsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma nemhando inoshanda yemafuta, iyo isingachashande nekuda kwemipimo yemabhuru (nezve zvazviri uye kukura kwayo kunokanganisa mashandiro einjini , verenga mukati separated article) uye huwandu hwemakamuri e carburetor, uye zvinoenderana nezviratidzo kubva kuECU.

Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka zvekutsiva uku:

1. Rudzi rwe carburetor rwehurongwa harwune mari kudarika iyo analogue yemagetsi, zvinoreva kuti ine hunyanzvi hwekushandisa mafuta zvakanyanya;
2. Kubudirira kwecarburetor hakuratidzwe munzira dzese dzeinjini. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nematanho epanyama enhengo dzayo, dzinogona kungochinjwa nekuisa zvimwe zvinhu zvakakodzera. Mukati mekuchinja mashandiro einjini yemukati yemoto, nepo mota ichiramba ichifamba, izvi hazvigone kuitwa;
3. Carburetor performance inoenderana nekuti yakaiswa painjini;
4. Sezvo mafuta ari mu carburetor achisanganisa zvishoma zvakanaka pane paya paanomwayirwa jekiseni, peturu yakawanda isina kupiswa inopinda muexif system, iyo inowedzera mwero wekusvibisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Iyo yekuisa jekiseni system yakatanga kushandiswa pamotokari dzekugadzira kumashure mukutanga kwema80s ezana ramakumi maviri. Nekudaro, mukubhururuka, majekiseni akatanga kuiswa makore makumi mashanu apfuura. Imotokari yekutanga yaive yakagadzirirwa michina yakanangana nejekiseni kubva kukambani yeGerman Bosch yaive Goliath 50 Sport (700).

Iyo inozivikanwa modhi inonzi "Gull Wing" (Mercedes-Benz 300SL) yaive neyakagadziriswa yakafanana mota.

Mukupera kwema50 - ekutanga makumi matanhatu. masystem akagadzirwa aigona kushanda kubva kune microprocessor, uye kwete nekuda kwezvakaoma michina michina Nekudaro, izvi zviitiko zvakaramba zvisingawanikwe kwenguva yakareba kusvikira zvave kugona kutenga microprocessors yakachipa.

Kuunzwa kukuru kwemagetsi emagetsi kwave kutungamirwa nemitemo yakaoma yemamiriro ekunze uye kuwanikwa kukuru kwema microprocessors. Yekutanga modhi yekugadzira yekugamuchira jekiseni remagetsi yaive 1967 Nash Rambler Rebel. Kuenzanisa, iyo carbureted 5.4-litre injini yakagadzira 255 horsepower, uye iyo nyowani modhi ine electrojector system uye vhoriyamu yakafanana yaive iine 290 hp.

Nekuda kwekuita kwakanyanya uye nekuwedzera kushanda, akasiyana mashanduro ejekiseni masisitimu akatsividza zvishoma nezvishoma macarburetors (kunyange zvakadaro zvishandiso zvichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya pamota diki dzemuchina nekuda kwemutengo wavo wakaderera).

Mota zhinji dzevanofamba nhasi dzakashongedzerwa nemagetsi mafuta jekiseni kubva kuBosch. Iyo budiriro inonzi jetronic. Zvichienderana nekushandurwa kweiyo system, zita rayo rinowedzererwa neakafananidzwa ekutanga: Mono, K / KE (mechanical / electronic metering system), L / LH (yakagovaniswa jekiseni nekutonga kwese humburumbira), nezvimwe. Sisitimu yakafanana yakagadziriswa neimwe kambani yeGerman - Opel, uye inonzi Multec.

Mhando uye mhando dzemafuta ejekiseni masisitimu

Zvese zvemazuva ano zvemagetsi zvekumanikidza jekiseni masisitimu anowira muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru

• Over-throttle spray (kana yepakati jekiseni);
• Collector spray (kana kugoverwa);
• Direct atomization (iyo atomizer yakaiswa mumusoro we cylinder, iyo mafuta inosanganiswa nemhepo yakananga musilinda).

Chirongwa chekushanda kwemarudzi ese ejekiseni chakada kufanana. Iyo inopa mafuta kune iyo mhango nekuda kwekunyanyisa kumanikidza mune peturu system mutsara. Ichi chingave chiri chega dura riri pakati pekudyiwa kwakasiyana nepombi, kana iyo yekumanikidza yakakwira pachayo.

Central jekiseni (jekiseni rimwechete)

Monoinjection ndiyo yekutanga kugadzirwa kwemagetsi masystem. Izvo zvakafanana necarburetor shamwari. Musiyano chete ndewekuti pachinzvimbo chemuchina, injekisheni yakaiswa mune yakawanda yekudyira.

Peturu inoenda yakanangana nezvakawanda, uko inosangana nemhepo inouya uye inopinda mune inoenderana sleeve, umo gaba rinogadzirwa. Ichi chitsva chakanyanya kuwedzera kushanda kweyakajairwa mota nekuda kwekuti iyo system inogona kuchinjika kune anoshanda modes emota.

Mukana mukuru we mono jekiseni uri mune yakapfava sisitimu. Inogona kuiswa pane chero injini pane iyo carburetor. Iyo yemagetsi yekudzora yuniti inodzora imwechete chete injector, saka hapana chikonzero cheyakaomarara microprocessor firmware.

Mune yakadaro system, zvinotevera zvinhu zvichave zviripo:

• Kuti urambe uchimanikidza peturu mumutsara, inofanirwa kuve yakagadzirirwa neanomanikidza (mashandiro ayo uye kwainoiswa kunotsanangurwa pano). Kana injini ikavharwa, chinhu ichi chinochengetedza kumanikidza kwetambo, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti pombi ishande kana yuniti yatangwazve.
• Anomizer inoshanda pazviratidzo kubva kuECU. Iyo jekiseni ine solenoid vharafu. Inopa kushushikana atomization peturu. Mamwe mashoko nezve chishandiso chemajekiseni uye nemabatiro avanogona kuchenesa zvinotsanangurwa pano.
• Iyo motorized throttle vharafu inogadzirisa mweya unopinda muzhinji.
• Sensor dzinotora ruzivo rwakakosha kuona huwandu hwepeturu uye kana ichinge yasaswa.
• Iyo microprocessor inodzora yuniti inogadzirisa masaini kubva kuma sensors, uye, zvinoenderana neizvi, inotumira rairo yekushandisa iyo injector, throttle actuator uye pombi yemafuta.

Nepo uku kuvandudzwa kutsva kwakazviratidza pachako, kune zvinokanganisa zvakati wandei:

1. Kana injector ikakundikana, inomisa zvachose mota yese;
2. Sezvo kumwaya kwacho kunoitwa muchikamu chikuru chezviwanda, imwe peturu inosara pamadziro epombi. Nekuda kweizvi, injini inoda mafuta akawanda kuti asvike simba repamusoro (kunyangwe iyi paramende iri pasi zvishoma kana ichienzaniswa necarburetor);
3. Izvo zvakashata zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa zvakamisa kumwe kuvandudzwa kweiyo system, ndosaka iyo multi-point spray nzira isingawanikwe mujekiseni rimwe chete (zvinokwanisika chete mujekiseni yakananga), uye izvi zvinotungamira mukusakwana kwakakwana kwechikamu che peturu. Nekuda kweizvi, mota haina kusangana nezvinogara zvichikura zvehukama hwemagariro emota.

Yakaparadzirwa jekiseni

Inotevera inonyatsoshanda nadzurudzo yejekiseni system inopa kushandiswa kwemajekiseni ega ega kune imwe humburumbira. Chigadzirwa chakadai chakagonesa kumisikidza maatomizers padyo nemavheji ekudyira, nekuda kwekuti pane kushomeka kwekurasikirwa kwemafuta (zvisati zvasara pamadziro mazhinji).

Kazhinji, iyi mhando yejekiseni inoshongedzerwa nechimwe chinhu - ramp (kana dura umo mafuta anounganidzwa pasi pekumanikidza). Iyi dhizaini inobvumira jekiseni rega roga kuti riwanikwe nemhepo yakamanikidzwa kumanikidzwa pasina vanodzora yakaoma.

Mhando iyi yejekiseni inowanzo shandiswa mumota dzazvino. Iyo system yakaratidza kugona kwakaringana, saka nhasi kune akati wandei emhando dzayo:

• Shanduko yekutanga yakafanana zvikuru nebasa re mono jekiseni. Mune yakadaro system, iyo ECU inotumira chiratidzo kune ese majekiseni panguva imwe chete, uye ivo vanokonzereswa zvisinei kuti ndeipi silinda inoda chitsva chikamu cheBTC. Izvo zvakanakira pane imwechete jekiseni kugona kwega kugadzirisa kugadzirisa kupihwa peturu kune imwe humburumbira. Nekudaro, uku kushandurwa kune kwakanyanyisa kukwirira kushandiswa kwemafuta kupfuura vamwe vazvino uno.
• Parallel peya jekiseni. Inoshanda zvakafanana kune yapfuura, chete kwete ese majekiseni anoshanda, asi akabatana ari maviri. Iko kusarudzika kwerudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa ndechekuti ivo vakaenzana zvekuti imwe sprayer inovhura pamberi pisitoni kuita sitiroko yekudyiwa, uye imwe panguva ino inosvipa peturu isati yatanga kuburitswa kubva kune imwe humburumbira. Iyi sisitimu haina kumbobvira yaiswa pamotokari, zvisinei, majekiseni mazhinji emagetsi kana uchichinjira kuchimbichimbi mode inoshanda zvinoenderana neshoko iri. Kazhinji inogoneswa kana iyo camshaft sensor ikakundikana (mune iyo nhanho jekiseni nadzurudzo).
• Yakagadziriswa nhanho yekuparadzirwa jekiseni. Uku ndiko kukura kwekupedzisira kwemaitiro akadaro. Iyo ine yakanakisa kuita mune ino chikamu. Mune ino kesi, iyo yakafanana nhamba yejekiseni inoshandiswa sezvo paine ma cylinders muinjini, kungomwaya chete kunozoitwa nguva pfupi usati wavhura mavhavha ekudyira. Rudzi urwu rwejekiseni rune kugona kwakanyanya muchikamu chino. Mafuta haana kumwayiwa mumhando dzose, asi muchikamu chete chinotorwa musanganiswa wemafuta-emhepo. Nekuda kweizvi, injini yemagetsi yemukati inoratidza kugona kwakanyanya.

Yakananga jekiseni

Yakananga jekiseni sisitimu rudzi rwekugovera mhando. Musiyano chete mune ino kesi ichave nzvimbo yemabhuru. Iwo akaisirwa nenzira imwecheteyo semapulagi plugs - kumusoro kweinjini kuitira kuti atomizer igove mafuta yakananga kukamuri yemasilinda.

Mota dzechikamu cheprimiyamu dzakashongedzwa nehurongwa hwakadai, sezvo iri iyo inodhura kwazvo, asi nhasi ndiyo inonyanya kushanda. Aya masisitimu anounza kusanganiswa kwemafuta uye nemhepo kune angangoita akakodzera, uye mukuita kwesimba reyuniti simba, yega-diki-kudonha peturu inoshandiswa.

Yakananga jekiseni inokutendera iwe kunyatso kugadzirisa mashandiro emota nenzira dzakasiyana. Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu (kuwedzera pamavhavha nemakenduru, injector inofanirawo kuiswa mumusoro we cylinder), haishandiswe mune diki-yekumisikidza injini dzemoto dzemukati, asi chete mune zvakafanana analogue ine vhoriyamu hombe.

Chimwe chikonzero chekushandisa sisitimu yakadaro mumotokari dzinodhura ndechekuti iyo mainjini enjini inoda kuvezwa zvakanyanya kuti iise yakananga jekiseni pairi. Kana mune mamwe maanalogs kukwidziridzwa uku kuchikwanisika (kungodyiwa kwakawanda kunoda kuchinjwa uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinodiwa), saka mune iyi kesi, kuwedzera pakuisa yakakodzera control unit uye anodiwa masensa, iyo cylinder musoro inofanira woitwazve. Mune bhajeti serial magetsi magetsi, izvi hazvigone kuitwa.

Mhando yekupfira iri mubvunzo ndeye whimsical kune mhando yepeturu, nekuti iyo plunger peya inoteerera kune idiki abrasives uye inoda kugara ichizora. Inofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa nemugadziri, saka mota dzine mafuturu akafanana hadzifanirwe kuzadzwa mafuta munzvimbo dzinopokana kana dzisina kujairika dzegasi.

Nekuuya kwekuvandudzwa kwepamberi kwerudzi rwekupfapfaidza, pane mukana wakawanda wekuti injini dzakadai dzichakurumidza kutsiva analogs nemono- uye jekiseni rakagoverwa. Dzimwe dzazvino mhando dzesisitimu dzinosanganisira zviitiko umo multipoint kana stratified jekiseni inoitwa. Sarudzo mbiri idzi dzakanangana nekuona kuti kupisa kwepeturu kwakazara sezvazvinogona, uye mhedzisiro yeiyi maitiro inosvika pakunyatsoshanda.

Multi-point jekiseni inopihwa neiyo yekumwaya ficha. Mune ino kesi, iyo kamuri izere netumadonhwe madonhwe emafuta munzvimbo dzakasiyana, izvo zvinovandudza yunifomu kusanganisa nemhepo. Jekiseni-ne-riya jekiseni rinopatsanura chikamu chimwe cheBTC muzvikamu zviviri. Iyo pre-jekiseni inoitwa kutanga. Ichi chikamu chemafuta chinobatidza nekukurumidza nekuti kune mweya wakawanda. Mushure mekutsvaira, chikamu chikuru che peturu chinopihwa, icho chisingabatike chichibva pamoto, asi kubva kutochi iripo. Dhizaini iyi inoita kuti injini ifambe zvakanaka pasina kurasikirwa ne torque.

Anosungirwa mashandiro ayo aripo mune ese mafuta masisitimu erudzi urwu ndeye yakakwira yekumanikidza peturu pombi. Saka kuti mudziyo usatadze mukugadzira kwekumanikidza kunodikanwa, yakagadzirirwa neplunger pair (zvazviri uye mashandiro ayo anotsanangurwa zvakasiyana). Kudiwa kwekushongedzerwa kwakadai kuri nekuda kwekuti kumanikidzwa kwenjanji kunofanirwa kuve kwakakwira zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kupfuura kumanikidzwa kweinjini, nekuti kazhinji peturu inofanirwa kumisidzirwa mumhepo yakamanikidzwa kare.

Fuel jekiseni sensors

Kuwedzera kune zvakakosha zvinhu zvemafuta system (throttle, magetsi, pombi yemafuta uye maatomizers), mashandiro ayo anowirirana zvisingaite nekuvapo kwema sensors akasiyana siyana. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwejekiseni, izvi zvishandiso zvakagadzirirwa:

• Kugadzwa kwehuwandu hweoksijeni mune iyo chiutsi. Kune izvi, lambda probe inoshandiswa (mashandiro ayo inogona kuverengwa pano). Motokari dzinogona kushandisa imwe kana maviri maoksijeni maseru (akaisirwa kumberi, kana kumberi uye shure kwechinokonzera);
• Camshaft yenguva tsananguro (chii icho, dzidza kubva kumwe kuongorora) kuitira kuti iyo unit unit itumire chiratidzo kuti ivhure iyo sprayer nguva pfupi isati yatanga kurohwa. Chikamu chechikamu chakaiswa pane camshaft uye chinoshandiswa muzvikamu zvine jekiseni rejekiseni. Kuputsika kweiyi sensor inoshandura iyo yuniti unit kune maviri-akafanana parallel jekiseni maitiro;
• Kugadziriswa kweiyo crankshaft kumhanya. Iko kushanda kwenguva yekutsvaira, pamwe nemamwe masisitimu emota, zvinoenderana neDPKV. Iyi ndiyo sensor inonyanya kukosha mumotokari. Kana ikakundikana, mota haigone kumiswa kana kuti inomira;
• Kuverenga kwekuti yakawanda sei mweya inoshandiswa neinjini. Misa yemhepo inoyerera sensor inobatsira iyo yuniti yekugadzirisa kuona kuti ndeipi algorithm yekuverenga huwandu hwepeturu (nguva yekuvhura ye sprayer). Muchiitiko chekuparara kwemasaji emhepo inoyerera sensor, iyo ECU ine nzira yekukurumidzira, iyo inotungamirwa nezviratidzo zveimwe sensors, semuenzaniso, DPKV kana emergency emergency calibration algorithms (iyo inogadzira inoisa avhareji paramita);
• Kufunga kwemamiriro ekupisa enjini. Iyo tembiricha sensor mune inotonhorera system inokutendera kuti ugadzirise iwo mafuta ekupa, pamwe neyakagadzika nguva (kudzivirira kudzivisa nekuda kweinjini kupisa);
• Verengai inofungidzirwa kana chaiyo mutoro pa powertrain. Kune izvi, sensor yekurovera inoshandiswa. Inotarisa kuti mutyairi anodzvanya peturu zvakadii;
• Kudzivirira injini kugogodza. Kune izvi, yekugogodza sensor inoshandiswa. Kana chishandiso ichi chikaona kushamisika kwakapinza uye kusati kwasvika mumasirinda, microprocessor inogadzirisa iyo nguva yekuvesa;
• Kuverenga kumhanya kwemotokari. Microprocessor painowona kuti kumhanya kwemotokari kunodarika injini inodiwa, "pfungwa" dzinodzima mafuta kune masirinda. Izvi zvinoitika, semuenzaniso, kana mutyairi achishandisa injini braking. Iyi modhi inokutendera kuti uchengetedze peturu pamaburukira kana kana uchisvika pakona;
• Kufungidzira kwehuwandu hwe vibration hunokanganisa mota. Izvi zvinoitika kana mota dzichifamba mumigwagwa isina kuenzana. Kudengenyeka kunogona kutungamira kukuvadza moto. Aya ma sensors anoshandiswa mumamota anoenderana neEuro 3 nematanho epamusoro.

Hapana chinodzora unit chinoshanda chete pahwaro hwe data kubva kune imwechete sensor. Kuwanda kweaya ma sensors muhurongwa, zvakanyanya kunyatsoita ECU ichaverenga maficha einjini.

Kukundikana kwemamwe ma sensors kunoisa iyo ECU mune yekukurumidzira modhi (iyo mota icon inovhenekera pane chiridzwa panhare), asi injini inoenderera ichishanda zvinoenderana nema pre-programmed algorithms. Iyo yekudzora unit inogona kuve inoenderana nezviratidzo zvenguva yekushanda yeinjini yemukati yemoto, tembiricha yayo, chinzvimbo checrankshaft, nezvimwe, kana kungoenderana netafura yakarongedzwa ine akasiyana akasiyana.

Actuators

Kana iyo yemagetsi control unit yagamuchira data kubva kune ese sensors (yavo nhamba yakasonanidzwa mukodhi yepurogiramu yechishandiso), iyo inotumira iyo yakakodzera kuraira kune iyo system's actuators. Zvichienderana nekushandurwa kwesystem, izvi zvishandiso zvinogona kuve neyakagadzirwa yavo.

Maitiro akadaro anosanganisira:

• Zvipfapfaidzo (kana kamwene). Ivo vanonyanya kugadzirirwa nevharuvhu ye solenoid, iyo inodzorwa neiyo ECU algorithm;
• Pombi yemafuta. Dzimwe mhando dzemotokari dzine mbiri dzadzo. Imwe inopa mafuta kubva mutangi kuenda kupombi yejekiseni, iyo inopomba peturu muchitima muzvikamu zvidiki. Izvi zvinogadzira musoro wakakwana mune yepamusoro-yekumanikidza mutsara. Kugadziridza kwakadaro kune mapombi kunodiwa chete mune yakanangana jekiseni masystem, nekuti mune mamwe mamodheru bhaizi rinofanira kumwaya mafuta mumhepo yakamanikidzwa;
• Iyo yemagetsi module yemagetsi kuvesa - inogamuchira chiratidzo chekuumbwa kwesaraki panguva chaiyo. Ichi chinhu mune yazvino kugadzirisa e-pabhodhi masisitimu chikamu cheyuniti unit (yayo yakaderera-magetsi chikamu, uye iyo yepamusoro-voltage chikamu idhi-mbiri wedunhu kuvesa coil, iyo inogadzira kuchaja kune yakatarwa spark plug, uye mukati shanduro dzinodhura zvakanyanya, coil yega yega inoiswa pane yega plug plug).
• Idle yekumhanyisa regulator. Iyo inoratidzirwa muchimiro cheinokurumidza mota iyo inodzora huwandu hwenzvimbo yemhepo munzvimbo yeiyo vharuvhu vharuvhu. Iyi michina inofanirwa kuchengetedza idle injini yekumhanyisa kana iko kuvharika kukavhara (mutyairi haimanikidzi iyo yekuwedzera accelerator). Izvi zvinofambisa nzira yekudziya injini yakatonhodza - hapana chikonzero chekugara mukamuri inotonhora munguva yechando uye gasi kumusoro kuti injini isadzike;
• Kuti ugadzirise tembiricha hurumende (iyi parameter inokanganisawo kugoverwa kwepeturu kumakombi), iyo yekudzora yuniti nguva nenguva inomutsa feni inotonhorera yakaiswa padhuze neiyo huru radiator. Chizvarwa chazvino cheBMW mamodheru akagadzirwa ne radiator grille ine zvimbi zvinogadziriswa kuchengetedza tembiricha panguva yekutyaira mukutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze uye kumhanyisa injini yekudziya. (kuitira kuti injini yemoto yemukati isanyanye kutonhora, mbabvu dzakatwasuka dzinotenderera, dzichidzivirira kupinda kwemhepo inotonhora inoyerera ichienda kuchikamu cheinjini). Izvi zvinhu zvinodzorwawo neiyo microprocessor yakavakirwa pane data kubva kune inotonhorera tembiricha sensor.

Iyo yemagetsi yekudzora unit zvakare inorekodha kuti mangani mafuta akadyiwa nemotokari. Ruzivo urwu rwunobvumira software kuti igadzirise enjini modes kuti ibudise yakanyanya simba kune yakatarwa mamiriro, asi panguva imwechete inoshandisa hushoma huwandu hwepeturu. Nepo vatyairi vazhinji vachiona izvi sekunetsekana kwezvikwama zvavo, kutaura zvazviri, kusagadzikana kwemafuta kunowedzera mwero wekusvibisa mweya. Vagadziri vese vanonyanya kuvimba nechiratidzo ichi.

Iyo microprocessor inoverenga huwandu hwekuvhurika kwemahombekombe kuti itarise mafuta ekushandisa. Ehe, chiratidzo ichi chine hukama, nekuti zvemagetsi hazvigone kuverenga zvakakwana kuti mafuta apfuura nepapi nemaburi einjectors mune izvo zvikamu zvechipiri pavakavhura.

Pamusoro pezvo, mota dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa ne adsorber. Ichi chishandiso chakaiswa pane yakavharwa peturu hwemhepo kutenderera system yetangi peturu. Wese munhu anoziva kuti peturu inowanzobuda. Kudzivirira mweya wemafuta kuti usapinda mumhepo, adsorber inopfuudza aya magasi kuburikidza pachawo, inozvisefa nekuitumira kumasirinda ekudzoka shure.

Egemagetsi control unit

Hapana chakamanikidzwa peturu sisitimu inoshanda isina yemagetsi yekudzivirira unit. Iyi microprocessor inoiswa chirongwa ichi. Iyo software inogadzirwa neiyo automaker yeiyo chaiyo mota modhi. Iyo microcomputer yakagadzirirwa imwe nhamba yemasaenzi, pamwe neiyo chaiyo yekushandisa algorithm kana sensor ikatadza.

Iyo microprocessor pachayo ine zvinhu zviviri. Yekutanga inochengeta iyo yakakosha firmware - iyo yekugadzira iyo sisitimu kana software iyo inoiswa nashe panguva yechip tuning (nei ichidikanwa inotsanangurwa mu imwe nyaya).

Chikamu chechipiri cheECU ndicho chakatemwa. Iyi idunhu realam rinogadziridzwa nemugadziri wemota kuitira kana chishandiso chikasabata chiratidzo kubva kune imwe sensor. Chinhu ichi chakarongedzerwa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kana mamiriro akasangana.

Tichifunga nezve kuomarara kwekutaurirana pakati peyuniti yekudzvanya, marongero uye sensors, iwe unofanirwa kutarisisa kune anonongedzera ayo anoonekwa pane chiridzwa panhare. Mumota dzemabhajeti, kana dambudziko rikaitika, mota icon inongovhenekera. Kuti uone kusagadzikana mujekiseni, iwe unofanirwa kubatanidza komputa kune ECU sevhisi yekubatanidza uye kuita diagnostics.

Kufambisa iyi nzira, iri -pabhodhi komputa yakaiswa mumota dzinodhura, dzinozvimiririra dzinoita kuongororwa uye kuburitsa yakatarwa kodhi yekukanganisa. Kugadziriswa kwemasevhisi akadaro ebasa kunogona kuwanikwa mubhuku rekufambisa kana pawebhusaiti yepamutemo yekugadzira.

Ndeipi jekiseni iri nani?

Uyu mubvunzo unomuka pakati pevaridzi vemota ine anofungidzirwa masisitimu emafuta. Mhinduro kwazviri zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, kana mutengo wenyaya iri hupfumi hwemota, kuteedzera kwakakwirira kwezvakatipoteredza zviyero uye kugona kwakanyanya kubva pakupisa kweBTC, saka mhinduro yacho haina kujeka: jekiseni yakananga iri nani, nekuti iri padyo nepadiki. Asi mota yakadaro haizove yakachipa, uye nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zveiyo system, mota ichave iine yakawanda vhoriyamu.

Asi kana mutyairi achida kugadzirisa zvifambiso zvake kuti awedzere mashandiro einjini yemoto yemukati nekupwanya carburetor nekuisa majekiseni, ipapo anozofanira kumira pane imwe yesarudzo dzekuparadzira jekiseni (jekiseni rimwe chete harina kutaurwa, nekuti izvi chiitiko chekare chisina kunyanya kushanda kupfuura kabureti). Yakadai mafuta system ichave nemutengo wakaderera, uye zvakare haina kudaro whimsical kune mhando yepeturu.

Inofananidzwa necarburetor, inomanikidzwa jekiseni ine zvinotevera zvinotevera.

• Hupfumi hwekutakura hunowedzera. Kunyangwe ekutanga majekiseni ekugadzira anoratidza kudzikira kwekudzikira kweanosvika makumi mana muzana;
• Simba rechikwata rinowedzera, kunyanya pakumhanya kwakaderera, nekuda kwazviri nyore kune vanotanga kushandisa injector kudzidza kutyaira mota;
• Kutanga injini, zviito zvishoma zvinodikanwa kubva kumutyairi (maitiro acho azere otomatiki);
• Pane injini inotonhorera, mutyairi haadi kudzora kumhanya kuitira kuti injini yemoto yemukati isamire ichiri kudziya;
• Simba remotokari rinowedzera;
• Mafuta emagetsi haafanire kugadziridzwa, nekuti izvi zvinoitwa nemagetsi, zvinoenderana nemhando yekushandisa yeinjini;
• Kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa kunoongororwa, izvo zvinowedzera hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza hwekubuda;
• Kusvika padanho reEuro-3, iyo peturu haidi kuchengetedzwa kwakarongwa (zvese zvinodiwa kushandura zvikamu zvakakundikana);
• Izvo zvinova zvinogoneka kuisa iyo immobilizer mumotokari (ichi anti-kuba chishandiso chinotsanangurwa zvakadzama zvakasiyana);
• Mune mamwe mamodheru emota, nzvimbo yemagetsi inowedzerwa nekubvisa iyo "pani";
• Kubviswa kwemafuta epeturu kubva ku carburetor pane yakaderera injini kumhanya kana panguva yekumira kwenguva refu kwakabviswa, nokudaro kuchideredza njodzi yekuvesa kwavo kunze kwemasilindiri;
• Mune mimwe michina yekarburetor, kunyangwe mupumburu mudiki (dzimwe nguva 15 muzana inokombamira inokwana) inogona kukonzera kuti injini imise kana kushanda kwakaringana kwecarburetor;
• Iyo carburetor zvakare inotsamira zvakanyanya padanho remhepo, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kuita kweinjini kana muchina uchiitwa munzvimbo dzemakomo.

Kunyangwe iwo mabhenefiti akajeka pamusoro pea carburetors, majekiseni achiri nezvakaipira.

• Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mutengo wekuchengetedza system wakanyanya kwazvo;
• Iyo sisitimu pachayo ine mamwe maitiro anogona kukundikana;
• Diagnostics inoda zvemagetsi zvishandiso, kunyange hazvo rumwe ruzivo rwuchidikanwa zvakare kunyatsogadzirisa iyo carburetor;
• Iyo sisitimu inoenderana zvizere nemagetsi, saka kana uchivandudza mota, iwe unodawo kutsiva jenareta;
• Zvikanganiso dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuitika mune yemagetsi system nekuda kwekusawirirana pakati pehardware nesoftware.

Zvishoma nezvishoma kusimbisa kwezvakatipoteredza zviyero, pamwe nekukwira zvishoma nezvishoma mumutengo wepeturu, zvinomanikidza vatyairi vazhinji kuchinjira kumotokari dzine injini dzejekiseni.

Uye zvakare, isu tinokurudzira kutarisa pfupi vhidhiyo nezve chii chinonzi mafuta system uye mashandiro anoita chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvacho.

Mafuta system yemota. Mudziyo, musimboti wekushanda uye zvisizvo!

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi mafuta jekiseni masisitimu? Kune maviri chete akasiyana akasiyana majekiseni emafuta. Single jekiseni (yakafanana ne carburetor, mafuta chete anopiwa ne nozzle). Yakagoverwa jekiseni (nozzles pfapfaidza mafuta mune yakawanda yekudyara).

Iyo mafuta jekiseni system inoshanda sei? Kana vharuvhu yekupinda ichivhurwa, jekiseni rinopfapfaidza mafuta muhuwandu hwekutora, musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo unoyamwa mazviri kana nekuda kweturbocharging.

Iyo jekiseni yemafuta inoshanda sei? Zvichienderana nerudzi rwehurongwa, majekiseni anopfapfaidza mafuta angave mune yakawanda yekudyara kana yakananga mumasilinda. Nguva yejekiseni inotarwa neECU.

Чinopinza peturu muinjini here? Kana iyo mafuta system iri jekiseni rakagoverwa, ipapo muromo unoiswa pane imwe neimwe pombi yakawanda yekudyara, iyo VTS inoyamwa muhumburumbira nekuda kwekushaikwa mairi. Kana jekiseni rakananga, ipapo mafuta anopiwa kune cylinder.