4Matic all-wheel drive system

Kubata mota ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakurarama mumugwagwa zvinoenderana. Mota zhinji dzazvino uno dzakashongedzerwa nekutapurirana kunoendesa torque kune rimwe vhiri (kumberi kana kumashure vhiri dhiraivhu). Asi iro rakakwira simba remamwe powertrains riri kumanikidza vagadziri kugadzira ese-vhiri dhiraivha dhizaini. Kana iwe ukachinjisa torque kubva kune yakakwira-kuita mota kuenda kune imwe ekisero, kutsvedza kwemavhiri ekutyaira kunoitika zvisingaite.

Kudzikamisa mota mumugwagwa uye kuita kuti iwedzere kuvimbika uye yakachengeteka munzira yemitambo yekutyaira, zvakafanira kugovera torque kumavhiri ese. Izvi zvinowedzera kudzikama uye kudzora kwemotokari pamigwagwa isina kugadzikana senge chando, madhaka kana jecha.

Kana iwe ukanyatso kugovera kuedza pavhiri rega rega, muchina hautye kunyangwe akaomesesa mamiriro emigwagwa ane nzvimbo dzisina kugadzikana. Kuti zvizadzise chiratidzo ichi, vagadziri vemota vagara vachigadzira ese masisitimu ese akagadzirirwa kugadzirisa kudzora kwemota mumamiriro akadaro. Muenzaniso weiyi ndiwo musiyano (mune zvakadzama nezve zvazviri, zvinotsanangurwa mune imwe chinyorwa). Inogona kuve inter-axle kana inter-axle.

Pakati pezviitiko zvakadaro pane iyo 4Matic system, iyo yakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi hweakakurumbira eGerman mota brand Mercedes-Benz. Ngatimbokurukurai chii chiri peculiarity yeiyi budiriro, kuti yakaonekwa sei uye rudzii rwechigadzirwa chainacho.

Chii chinonzi 4Matic all-wheel drive system

Sezvatove pachena kubva pakuvhurwa, 4Matic ndeye-ese-mavhiri ekutyaira system, ndiko kuti, torque kubva kuchikwata chemagetsi inogoverwa kumavhiri ese kuitira kuti, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emugwagwa, yega yega ive inotungamira. Kwete maSUV akazara chete akashongedzerwa nehurongwa hwakadai (kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve mhando yemota iyi, uye kuti inosiyana sei necrossovers, verenga pano), Asi zvakare mota, pasi pehood iyo inoiswa ine simba yemukati injini yekupisa.

Zita rehurongwa rinouya kubva 4WD (kureva 4-wheel drive) uye autoMARIKI (otomatiki mashandiro enzira). Kugoverwa kwetorque kunoitwa nemagetsi, asi iyo yekufambisa simba pachayo ndeyeyemhando yemuchina, kwete yekufananidza yemagetsi. Nhasi, pazviitiko zvese izvi, ino sisitimu inoonekwa seimwe yeepamusoro-soro uye yakashongedzwa neakawanda marongero.

Chimbofunga maitiro akaonekwa nekuvandudzwa sisitimu iyi, uyezve chii chinosanganisirwa muchimiro chayo.

Nhoroondo yekusika kwemavhiri-ese

Pfungwa chaiyo yekuunza ese-mavhiri mumotokari dzemavhiri haisi itsva. Yekutanga yakazara-vhiri mota yekutyaira ndeye 60 Dutch Spyker 80 / 1903HP mota yemitambo. Panguva iyoyo, yaive inorema-mota mota yaigamuchira michina yakanaka. Kunze kwekutumira torque kumavhiri ese, pasi pehood yayo paive ne-mutsetse 6-humburumbira peturu yemagetsi unit, yaive yakanyanya kuwanikwa. Iyo braking system yakadzora kudzora kutenderera kwemavhiri ese, uye pakanga paine akawanda seanosiyana matatu mukutapurirana, imwe yacho yaive yepakati.

Mushure megore rimwe chete, rwonzi rwakazara rwemavhiri ese anotyaira mavhiri akagadzirwa kuitira zvido zveuto reAustria, izvo zvakapihwa naAustro-Daimler. Aya mamodheru akazoshandiswa senzvimbo yemotokari dzehondo. Pedyo kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, mavhiri ese aigona kusashamisa munhu. Uye Mercedes-Benz yaishingairirawo mukusimudzira nekuvandudza kwesisitimu iyi.

Chizvarwa chekutanga

The prerequisites kuti kubuda kwekugadzirisa kwakabudirira kweiyo michina kwaive kuratidzwa kwechinhu chitsva kubva kuchiratidzo, icho chakaitika muhurongwa hwenyika inozivikanwa mota muFrankfurt. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1985. Asi chizvarwa chekutanga chemavhiri ese kubva kuGerman automaker chakapinda mukugadzira makore maviri gare gare.

Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza dhayagiramu yakaiswa pane 124 Mercedes-Benz W1984 modhi:

Paive nechakaoma kuvharira mumashure nepakati kusiyanisa (kune rumwe ruzivo rwekuti nei uchifanira kuvhara mutsauko, verenga zvakasiyana). Musiyano wepakati-vhiri wakaiswawo pane ekisero yekumberi, asi haina kuvharwa, nekuti pakadai apa kubata kwemota kwakadzikira.

Yekutanga nhevedzano-yakaburitswa 4Matic system yaibatanidzwa mukufambisa torque chete mune chiitiko chekutenderera kweiyo main ekisero. Kuremadza ese-vhiri dhiraivhiti zvakare yaive ne otomatiki maitiro - nekukurumidza apo iyo anti-yekukiya braking system ikamutswa, ese-mavhiri ekutyaira akaregedzerwawo.

Mukuvandudza ikoko, nzira nhatu dzekushanda dzaivepo:

1. 100% kumashure-vhiri rekutyaira. Yese torque inoenda kune yekumberi ekisero, uye mavhiri epamberi anoramba achingo tenderera;
2. Partial torque hutachiwana. Mavhiri epamberi anongofambiswa zvishoma. Kugoverwa kwemauto kumavhiri epamberi ndeye 35 muzana, uye kumashure - 65 muzana. Mune ino modhi, mavhiri ekumashure achiri iwo makuru, uye epamberi anongobatsira kudzikamisa mota kana kubuda muchikamu chiri nani chemugwagwa;
3. 50 muzana torque yakakamurwa. Mune ino modhi, mavhiri ese anogamuchira iyo imwechete muzana torque kune yakafanana chiyero. Zvakare, iyi sarudzo yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuremadza yekumashure axle kusiyanisa kukiya.

Nadzurudzo iyi yemavhiri ese yakashandiswa mukugadzira mota yeiyo auto brand kusvika 1997.

Chizvarwa chechipiri

Chinotevera shanduko yemavhiri ese anotyaira kubva kumugadziri weGerman akatanga kuoneka mumhando dzeiyo E-kirasi - W210. Inogona kuiswa chete pane idzo mota dzaiitwa mumigwagwa ine kurudyi-ruoko traffic, uyezve chete pakurongeka. Sechinhu chakakosha basa, 4Matic yakaiswa muW163 M-kirasi maSUV. Mune ino kesi, mana-mavhiri ekutyaira aigara zvachose.

Misiyano makiyi akagamuchira akasiyana algorithm. Yakanga kutevedzera zvemagetsi zvechizarira, iyo yakashanda kubudikidza traction kuzvidzora. Iyi sisitimu yakadzora kutenderera kweiyo skid vhiri, nekuda kwekuti torque yacho yakagoverwa zvishoma kune mamwe mavhiri.

Kutanga nechizvarwa chino che4Matic, iyo automaker yasiya zvachose yakasimba mitsara yekusiyanisa. Chizvarwa ichi chaivepo pamusika kusvika 2002.

III chizvarwa

Chizvarwa chechitatu 4Matic chakaonekwa muna 2002, uye chaivapo mumhando dzinotevera:

• C-kirasi W203;
• S-kirasi W220;
• E-Kirasi W211.

Iyi sisitimu yakagashirawo yemagetsi mhando yekusiyanisa makiyi ekudzora. Maitiro aya, sezvakaitwa muchizvarwa chakapfuura, haana kuvharwa zvakaomarara. Shanduko dzakakanganisa maalgorithms ekufananidza kudzivirira kwekutsvedza kwemavhiri ekutyaira. Maitiro aya anotariswa neiyo traction control system, pamwe neyakagwinya gadziriro sisitimu.

IV chizvarwa

Chizvarwa chechitatu chaivepo pamusika kwemakore mana, asi kugadzirwa kwayo hakuna kupera. Izvo zvaingova kuti mutengi aigona ikozvino kusarudza kuti kufambisa kupi kwekushongedzera mota nayo. Muna 2006, iyo 4Matic system yakagamuchira kumwe kugadzirisa. Inogona kutoonekwa mune zvinyorwa zvemidziyo yeS550. Musiyano wepakati wepakati wakatsiviwa. Pane kudaro, bhokisi remagetsi repasi raive rave kushandiswa. Basa rake rakapa 45/55 muzana kugoverwa pakati pemberi / kumashure maekisero.

Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza mufananidzo wechizvarwa chechina 4Matic all-wheel drive, iyo yaishandiswa muMercedes-Benz S-Kirasi:

1) Gearbox mugodhi; 2) Kusiyanisa nemapuraneti giya; 3) Pane yekumberi ekisero; 4) Side yekubuda giya; 5) Kurutivi kadanidhi kubuda; 6) propeller shaft yepamberi ekisero; 7) Multi-ndiro batira; 8) otomatiki hutachiwana.

Nekuda kwekuti nzira dzekutakura dzazvino dzakatanga kugamuchira vatyairi vazhinji vemagetsi, kudzora kwekutyaira kwemavhiri ekutyaira kwave kushanda zvakanyanya. Iyo sisitimu pachayo yaidzorwa nekutenda kumasaini anouya kubva kuma sensors eakasiyana masystem ayo anova nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka kwemuchina. Simba rinobva pamota rakaramba richipiwa kumavhiri ese.

Kubatsira kwechizvarwa ichi ndechekuti inopa mukana wakaringana pakati pekubata mota zvine mutsindo uye mushe mushe pakukunda nzvimbo dzakaomarara. Kunyangwe zvakanakira iyo system, mushure memakore manomwe ekugadzirwa, kumwe kukura kwayo kwakatevera.

V chizvarwa

Chizvarwa chechishanu 4Matic chakaonekwa kutanga muna 2013, uye chaigona kuwanikwa mumhando dzinotevera:

• CLA45 AMG;
• GL 500.

Iko kusarudzika kwechizvarwa ichi ndechekuti inoitirwa mota ine inopindirana magetsi (mune ino kesi, kufambisa kuchachinja mavhiri epamberi). Yechimanjemanje yakakanganisa dhizaini yeavo vanogadzira, pamwe nesisitimu yekuparadzira torque.

Muchiitiko ichi, mota iri pamberi-vhiri rinotyaira. Kugovera kwesimba kune ese mavhiri ikozvino inogona kuvhurwa nekumisikidza inoenderana mamiriro pane anodzora pani.

Mashandiro anoita 4Matic system

Maumbirwo eiyo 4Matic system ine:

• Otomatiki mabhokisi;
• Chinjana kesi, dhizaini iyo inopa kuvepo kweplanethi gearbox (kutanga kubva kuchizvarwa chechina, inoshandiswa seimwe nzira kune asymmetrical center mutsauko);
• Cardan kufambisa (kune rumwe ruzivo nezve izvo zvazviri, uyezve kune imwe nzvimbo inoshandiswa mumota, verenga mune imwe ongororo);
• Pamberi pekuyambuka-axle kusiyanisa (yemahara, kana isiri-ichivharira);
• Mushure wekusiyana-ekisero musiyano (zvakare yemahara).

Pane mbiri nadzurudzo ye4Matic all-wheel drive. Yekutanga yakagadzirirwa mota dzevanofamba, uye yechipiri yakaiswa paSUV nemakombi. Pamusika nhasi, kazhinji pane mota dzakashongedzerwa nechizvarwa chechitatu cheiyo 4Matic system. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti chizvarwa ichi chinodhura uye chine chiyero chakanaka chekuchengetedza, kuvimbika uye kugona.

Chimwe chinhu chakakonzera kufarirwa kwechizvarwa chino kukwira kwezviitwa zveGerman automaker Mercedes. Kubva 2000, kambani yakafunga kudzikisa mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvayo, uye, zvinopesana, kuwedzera mhando yemhando. Nekuda kweizvi, mucherechedzo wakawana vakawanda vanoyemura uye izwi rekuti "mhando yeGerman" rakadzika midzi mupfungwa dzevatyairi.

Zvimiro zveiyo 4Matic system

Saizvozvowo ese-mavhiri ekutyaira masisitimu anoshanda nemawoko transmissions, asi 4Matic inoiswa kana iko kuendesa kuri otomatiki. Chikonzero chekusaenderana nemamakaniki ndechekuti kugoverwa kwetorque kunoitwa kwete nemutyairi, senge mune akawanda mamodheru emota dzemavhiri ezana ramakore apfuura, asi nemagetsi. Kuvapo kwekutenderera otomatiki mukutapurirana kwemotokari chinhu chakakosha chinotarisa kuti sisitimu yakadaro ichaiswa mumota here kana kuti kwete.

Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chine chirevo chayo chekushanda. Sezvo zvizvarwa zviviri zvekutanga zvisingawanzoitika pamusika, isu ticha tarisa pamashandiro anoita zvizvarwa zvitatu zvekupedzisira.

III chizvarwa

Rudzi urwu rwePP rwakaiswa pane ese sedans uye akareruka maSUV. Mumatanho akadaro, kugoverwa kwesimba pakati pemasekisi kunoitwa muchiyero chemakumi mana kusvika makumi matanhatu muzana (zvishoma - kumberi ekisero). Kana iyo mota iri yakazara-yakazara SUV, ipapo torque inogoverwa zvakaenzana - 40 muzana pane imwe ekisero.

Kana ichishandiswa mumotokari dzekutengesa kana Bhizinesi sedan, mavhiri epamberi anoshanda pa45 muzana uye mavhiri ekumashure pa55 muzana. Musiyano wakasiyana unochengeterwa mamodheru eAMG - chiyero chavo che ekisero chiri 33/67.

Sisitimu yakadaro ine propeller shaft, kesi yekuchinjisa (inoendesa torque kumavhiri ekumashure), kusiyanisa-axle kusiyanisa kumberi nekumashure, pamwe neshure mbiri ekisero. Iyo huru mashini mairi inyaya yekuchinjisa. Ichi chishandiso chinogadzirisa mashandiro eiyo gearbox (inotsiva nzvimbo yepakati kusiyanisa). Kupfuudzwa kwetorque kunoitwa kuburikidza nezuva giya (magiya emadhayamita akasiyana anoshandiswa kumberi nekumashure axle shafts).

IV chizvarwa

Chizvarwa chechina 4Matic inoshandisa musiyano we cylindrical, uyo wakakiiwa kuburikidza neyaka mbiri-disc clutch. Simba rinogoverwa 45/55 muzana (yakawanda kumashure). Kana mota ichimhanyisa pamusoro pechando, batira inokiya musiyano kuitira kuti mavhiri ese mana auye.

Paunenge uchipfuura unopinza kutendeuka, kutsvedza kwekiringi kunogona kucherechedzwa. Izvi zvinoitika kana paine musiyano we45 Nm pakati pemavhiri akasiyana. Izvi zvinobvisa kumhanyisa kupfeka kwematai akaremerwa. Zve 4Matic oparesheni, iyo 4ETS, ESP system inoshandiswa (kune rudzi rwei system, verenga panopamwe neASR.

V chizvarwa

Iyo peculiarity yechizvarwa chechishanu 4Matic ndeyekuti ina-vhiri dhiraivha inoitwa mairi kana zvichidikanwa. Yasara mota inosara pamberi-vhiri dhiraivha (yakabatana PP). Nekuda kweizvi, dhorobha kana yakajairwa nzira yekutyaira ichave yakachengetedza mari kupfuura nekugara zvachose-mavhiri. Ekisero yekumashure inogadziriswa kana magetsi achinge aona kutsvedza kwegumbo pane ekisero huru.

Kuregererwa kwePP kunoitikawo otomatiki maitiro. Iko kusarudzika kwekushandurwa uku ndekwekuti kune imwe nhanho inokwanisa kugadzirisa mamiriro emota nekuwedzera kubatirira nzvimbo yemavhiri ekutyaira mumakona kudzamara mashandisirwo eiyo mwero wekutsinhana kwegadziriro.

Iyo dhizaini dhizaini inosanganisira imwe control unit, iyo yakaiswa mu robotic preselective (yakanyorova-mhando mbiri batira, musimboti wekushanda unotsanangurwa zvakasiyana) gearbox. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, iyo system inomutsa 50% torque kugovera, asi mune emergency, zvemagetsi zvinogadzirisa kuendesa simba zvakasiyana:

• Iyo mota inomhanyisa - chiyero chiri 60 kusvika 40;
• Iyo mota inoenda kuburikidza nhevedzano yekutendeuka - iyo chiyero chiri 50 kusvika 50;
• Mavhiri epamberi akarasika traction - chiyero chegumi kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe;
• Emergency akamedura - mavhiri epamberi anogamuchira yakakwira Nm.

mhedziso

Nhasi, vatyairi vazhinji vangave vanzwa nezve 4Matic system. Vamwe vakakwanisa kuyedza mashandiro ezvizvarwa zvinoverengeka zvevose-mavhiri ekutyaira kubva kune inozivikanwa pasi rese auto brand pazviitiko zvavo. Sisitimu haisati yave nemakwikwi akakomba pakati pezviitiko zvakadaro, kunyange hazvo isingarambwe kuti pane zvakagadziridzwa zvinoshandiswa mumhando dzevamwe vagadziri, semuenzaniso, Quattro kubva kuAudi kana xdrive kubva kuBMW.

Iwo mavambo ekutanga e4Matic akagadzirirwa chete kune mashoma mamodheru, uyezve senge sarudzo. Asi nekuda kwekuvimbika kwayo uye nekugona, iyo sisitimu yakawana kuzivikanwa uye ikave yakakurumbira. Izvi zvakakurudzira automaker kuti atorezve maitiro ayo kugadzirwa kwemana-mavhiri ekutyaira mota ane otomatiki simba rekugovera.

Kuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti 4Matic all-wheel drive inoita kuti zvive nyore kukunda zvikamu zvemugwagwa nenzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzisina kugadzikana, zvinopa kumwe kuchengetedzeka mumamiriro akaipisisa. Nesimba rinoshanda uye rinoshanda, mutyairi anokwanisa kudzora mota zvizere. Asi iwe haufanire kuvimba zvizere nemaitiro aya, nekuti haikwanise kukunda mitemo yepanyama. Naizvozvo, hapana chikonzero chaunofanira kuregeredza izvo zvekutanga zvinodiwa zvekutyaira kwakachengeteka: chengetedza chinhambwe uye nekumhanyisa muganho, kunyanya mumigwagwa inomonereka.

Mukupedzisa - diki bvunzo drive Mercedes w212 e350 ine 4Matic system:

Minitest ese-mavhiri ekutyaira Mercedes w212 e350 4 matic

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

4 matic inoshanda sei? Mukufambisa kwakadaro, torque inogoverwa kune imwe neimwe axle yemotokari, ichiita iyo inotungamira. Zvichienderana nechizvarwa (kune 5 vavo), kubatanidzwa kwechipiri axis kunoitika otomatiki kana mune manual mode.

Chii chinonzi AMG? Muchidimbu AMG inomirira Aufrecht (zita remuvambi wekambani), Melchner (zita remumwe wake) uye Grossashpach (kwakaberekerwa Aufrecht).