Injini yepeturu: mudziyo, musimboti wekushanda, zvakanakira nekuipira

Kuti mota ikwanise kufamba yakazvimiririra, inofanirwa kuve yakagadzirirwa simba remagetsi rinozogadzira torque uye kuendesa simba iri kumavhiri ekutyaira. Nechinangwa ichi, ivo vagadziri veanogadzira michina vakagadzira yemukati yekupisa injini kana yemukati kupisa injini.

Nheyo yekushanda kwechikwata ndechekuti musanganiswa wemafuta nemhepo zvinoputirwa mukugadzirwa kwayo. Iyo mota yakagadzirirwa kushandisa simba rakaburitswa mune ino maitiro kutenderera mavhiri.

Pasi pehodhi yemotokari yemazuva ano, peturu, dhiziri kana magetsi magetsi anogona kuiswa. Mune ino ongororo, isu ticha tarisa pane peturu nadzurudzo: ndeipi musimboti iyo unit inoshanda, chii chishandiso icho ine uye mamwe mazano anoshanda ekuti ungawedzere sei sosi yeye mukati yemoto injini.

Chii chinonzi peturu mota injini

Ngatitangei neshoko. Injini yepeturu ipiston simba unit rinoshanda nekupisa musanganiswa wemhepo nepeturu mumatanda akasarudzika. Iyo mota inogona kuzadzwa nemafuta ane akasiyana octane manhamba (A92, A95, A98, nezvimwewo). Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve iyo octane nhamba iri, ona mune imwe chinyorwa... Inotsanangurawo kuti nei mhando dzakasiyana dzemafuta dzichigona kuvimbwa nadzo kune dzakasiyana injini, kunyangwe iri peturu.

Zvichienderana nechinangwa icho automaker anoteedzera, mota dzinouya kubva pagungano mutsara dzinogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi mayuniti. Rondedzero yezvikonzero uye kushambadzira kwekambani (mota nyowani nyowani inofanirwa kugamuchira imwe mhando yekuvandudza, uye vatengi kazhinji vanoteerera kune mhando yeiyo powertrain), pamwe nezvinodiwa nevateereri vakuru.

Saka, iyo yakafanana modhi yemota, asi neakasiyana mapeturu injini, inogona kubuda mufekitori yemotokari mhando. Semuenzaniso, inogona kunge iri yehupfumi vhezheni iyo ingangowanzo kucherechedzwa nevatengi vane mari shoma. Neimwe nzira, iyo inogadzira inogona kupa yakawandisa shanduko inogutsa zvido zvevateveri vekumhanyisa kutyaira.

Zvakare, dzimwe mota dzinofanirwa kutakura zvinhu zvinoremekedzeka, senge mapikicha (chii chiri chimiro cherudzi urwu rwemuviri, verenga zvakasiyana). Rumwe rudzi rwemota runodikanwawo kune idzi mota. Kazhinji, muchina wakadai unenge uine unoshamisa unoshanda vhoriyamu yeyuniti (kuti paramende inoverengerwa sei akaparadzanisa ongororo).

Nekudaro, injini dze peturu dzinogonesa mhando dzemotokari kugadzira mamodheru emota ane akasiyana hunyanzvi hunhu kuitira kuti dzijairane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana, kubva kumota diki dzemaguta kusvika kumatiraki makuru

Mhando dzemafuta epeturu

Akawanda madhata akasiyana anoratidzwa mumabrochure emhando nyowani dzemotokari. Pakati pavo, mhando yesimba remagetsi inotsanangurwa. Kana mumotokari dzekutanga zvaive zvakakwana kuratidza mhando yemafuta anoshandiswa (dhiziri kana peturu), nhasi nhasi kune dzakasiyana siyana peturu kugadzirisa.

Kune akatiwandei mapoka akapatsanurwa akadaro masimba emagetsi.

1. Uwandu sepombi. Mune yakasarudzika vhezheni, muchina unoshongedzerwa neina-humburumbira mota. Inobudirira zvakanyanya, uye panguva imwechete inowedzera kusimba, ive nematanhatu matanhatu, masere kana gumi nemasere. Nekudaro, kune zvekare zvikamu zvine huwandu hushoma hwehari. Semuenzaniso, Toyota Aygo yakashongedzerwa neinjini ye6-litre peturu ine matatu masilinda. Peugeot 8 yakagamuchira yakafanana unit.Mamwe mota diki dzinogona kutogadzirwa nechero-cylinder peturu unit.
2. Maumbirwo esirinda block. Mune yakasarudzika vhezheni (4-humburumbira nadzurudzo), injini ine mu-mutsara kurongeka kwemasilindiri. Kazhinji iwo akaisirwa akatwasuka, asi dzimwe nguva vamwe vakarereka vanowanikwawo. Iyo inotevera dhizaini iyo yakahwina kuvimba kwevatyairi vazhinji ndiyo V-humburumbira yuniti. Mukushandurwa kwakadai, panogara paine huwandu hwehari, idzo dziri pane imwe kona inoenderana. Kazhinji dhizaini iyi inoshandiswa kuchengetedza nzvimbo muchikamu cheinjini, kunyanya kana iri injini yakakura (semuenzaniso, ine masilinda masere, asi inotora nzvimbo senge 8-humburumbira analogue). Vamwe vagadziri vanoisa pow -rain yakaumbwa seW mumotokari dzavo. Iyi nongedzo inosiyana neiyo yakafanana neV-yakafanana neiyo yakawedzera camber ye cylinder block, iri muchikamu ine chimiro chetsamba W.Rumwe rudzi rweinjini dzinoshandiswa mumota dzemazuva ano mubati wetsiva kana wetsiva. Tsanangudzo yekuti injini yakadaro yakarongedzwa sei uye mashandiro ayo anotsanangurwa mune imwe ongororo... Muenzaniso wemamodeli ane yakafanana unit - Subaru Forester, Subaru WRX, Porsche Cayman, nezvimwe.
3. Fuel supply system. Zvinoenderana nemutowo uyu, mota dzakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: carburetor uye jekiseni. Muchiitiko chekutanga, peturu inoputirwa mukamuri yemafuta yemuchina, kubva kwaunosvitswa mukati mekudyiwa kwakawanda kuburikidza nemuromo. Injector inzira inomanikidza kumanikidza peturu mumhango yakaiswa iyo injector. Iko kushanda kwechigadzirwa ichi kunotsanangurwa zvakadzama. pano... Majekiseni ndeemhando dzinoverengeka, ayo anosiyana munzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzemikovo. Mumota dzinodhura, ma sprayer akaiswa akananga mumusoro we humburumbira.
4. Mhando lubrication system. ICE yega yega inoshanda pasi pemitoro yakawedzera, ndosaka ichida kunaka kwekukwirisa. Pane nadzurudzo pamwe nyoro (chaiwo maonero, umo mafuta ari sump) kana pakaoma (rakasiyana dura iri akaisirwa mafuta) crankcase. Tsanangudzo pamusoro pemhando idzi inotsanangurwa zvakasiyana.
5. Kutonhora mhando. Injini zhinji dzemazuva ano dzemoto dzakatonhora nemvura. Mune yakasarudzika dhizaini, yakadaro sisitimu ichave ine radiator, mapaipi uye jekete rinotonhora rakatenderedza humburumbira. Iko kushanda kweiyi system kunotsanangurwa pano... Dzimwe shanduko dzemagetsi epeturu-dzinofambiswa magetsi dzinogona zvakare kutonhorera nemhepo.
6. Rudzi rwekutenderera. Pane maviri ekugadzirisa zvachose: maviri-sitiroko kana mana-sitiroko mhando. Pfungwa yekushanda kweiri-sitiroko nadzurudzo inotsanangurwa mune imwe chinyorwa... Ngatitarisei kuti iyo 4-sitiroko modhi inoshanda sei gare gare.
7. Mhepo inodyiwa mhando. Mhepo yekugadzirira musanganiswa wemhepo-yemafuta inogona kupinda munzira yekudyira nenzira mbiri. Mazhinji echinyakare eICE mamodheru ane mamiriro ekudenga ekudyira. Mariri, mweya unopinda nekuda kweiyo vhuvhu rakagadzirwa nepisitoni, ichienda kunzvimbo yepasi yakafa. Zvichienderana neiyo jekiseni system, chikamu che peturu chinomwayiwa murukova urwu pamberi pevhavha yekudyiwa, kana kumberi, asi munzira inoenderana neimwe humburumbira. Mune mono jekiseni, senge iyo carburetor modification, imwe kamwene yakaiswa pane yakawanda yekudyira, uye iyo BTC inozoyamwa mukati neimwe yakatarwa humburumbira. Tsanangudzo pamusoro pekushanda kwegadziriro yekudya inotsanangurwa pano... Muzvikamu zvinodhura, peturu inogona kumwayiwa yakananga musilinda pachayo. Pamusoro peinjini yechisikigo, pane zvakare turbocharged vhezheni. Mariri, mweya wekugadzirira kweMTC unobayiwa uchishandisa turbine yakakosha. Inogona kupihwa simba nekufamba kweanobuda magasi kana nemagetsi mota.

Kana zviri zvekugadzirwa maficha, nhoroondo inoziva akati wandei exotic powertrains. Pakati pavo pane Wankel injini uye isina vharuvhu modhi. Tsanangudzo yemamodeli anoverengeka anoshanda emamota ane dhizaini isina kujairika inotsanangurwa pano.

Nheyo yekushanda kweinjini yepeturu

Iyo yakawanda yakawanda yemukati injini dzemoto dzinoshandiswa mumota dzazvino dzinoshanda pane ina-sitiroko kutenderera. Iyo yakavakirwa pamisimboti yakafanana nechero imwe ICE. Kuti unit riunze huwandu hwesimba rinodiwa kutenderedza mavhiri, humburumbira imwe neimwe inofanirwa kunge izere nemhepo musanganiswa nemhepo peturu. Ichi chikamu chinofanirwa kumanikidzwa, mushure meizvozvo chakabatidzwa nerubatsiro rwefaraki inogadzira spark plug.

Kuti simba rinoburitswa panguva yemoto rishandurwe kuita simba remagetsi, iyo VTS inofanira kupiswa munzvimbo yakavharirwa. Chinhu chikuru chinobvisa simba rakaburitswa ipiston. Inofambiswa mu humburumbira, uye yakagadzika pane crank mashandiro e crankshaft.

Kana musanganiswa wemweya / mafuta ukakisa, zvinoita kuti magasi ari musilinda awedzere. Nekuda kweizvi, kumanikidza kukuru kunoitwa pisitoni, ichidarika kumanikidza kwemhepo, uye inotanga kufamba ichienda kunzvimbo yepasi yakafa, ichitenderedza crankshaft. Iyo furuwheel inosungirirwa kune iyi shaft, kune iro giya bhokisi rakabatana. Kubva pairi, torque inopfuudzwa kumavhiri ekutyaira (kumberi, kumashure, kana mune mota yemavhiri ese - ese mana).

Mune kumwe kutenderera kwemotokari, kurohwa kwe4 kunoitwa mune yakasarudzika humburumbira. Izvi ndizvo zvavanoita.

Inlet

Pakutanga kwekurohwa uku, iyo pisitoni iri pamusoro pakafa nzvimbo (iyo kamuri pamusoro payo panguva ino haina chinhu). Nekuda kwebasa repama cylinders, crankshaft inotendeuka uye inodhonza tsvimbo yekubatanidza, iyo inofambisa pisitoni pasi. Panguva ino, iyo yekuparadzira gasi nzira inovhura iyo yekudyira vharuvhu (panogona kunge paine imwe kana maviri).

Kubudikidza negomba rakavhurika, humburumbira inotanga kuzadza nechikamu chitsva chemusanganiswa wemafuta-emhepo. Muchiitiko ichi, mweya wakasanganiswa nepeturu mune yekudyira turakiti (carburetor injini kana yakawanda-poindi jekiseni modhi). Ichi chikamu cheinjini chinogona kuve cheakasiyana magadzirirwo. Iko kune zvakare dzimwe sarudzo dzinoshandura yavo geometry, iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uwedzere kushanda kweinjini kumhanya kwakasiyana. Tsanangudzo nezve ino system inotsanangurwa pano.

Mumashanduro ane jekiseni yakananga, mweya chete ndiwo unopinda musilinda pakurohwa kwekudya. Peturu inosaswa kana kudzvanywa kwekumanikidza kwapera musilinda.

Kana pisitoni iri pazasi peiyo humburumbira, iyo nguva yekuvhara inovhara vharuvhu yekudya. Chiyero chinotevera chinotanga.

Kudzvinyirira

Uyezve, crankshaft inotendeuka (zvakare pasi pechiito chemapistoni anoshanda mune akapoteredza masirinda), uye pisitoni inotanga kusimudza kuburikidza neiyo tsvimbo yekubatanidza. Mavharuvhu ese mumusoro we cylinder akavharwa. Iko kusanganiswa kwemafuta hakuna kwekuenda uye kunobvumirana.

Sezvo pisitoni inofamba ichienda kuTDC, musanganiswa wemhepo-huni unopisa (kuwedzera kwetembiricha kunokonzera kudzvinyirira kwakasimba, kunodaidzwa kunzi kudzvanyirira) Iko kumanikidza simba kwechikamu cheBTC kunokanganisa mashandiro anoita. Kudzvinyirira kunogona kusiyana kubva kumota kuenda kumota. Pamusoro pezvo, tinokurudzira kuti uzvizive nemisoro yenyaya ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peyero yekumanikidza nekumanikidza.

Kana iyo pisitoni yasvika pakukwirisa kumusoro, ipulagi inogadzira kubuda, nekuda kwekuti musanganiswa wemafuta unopfuta. Zvichienderana nekumhanya kweinjini, maitiro aya anogona kutanga piston isati yakwira zvizere, pakarepo panguva ino kana kuti gare gare.

Mune yakananga jekiseni peturu injini, mweya chete unomanikidzwa. Muchiitiko ichi, mafuta anopfachukirwa musilinda piston isati yakwira. Mushure meizvozvo, kuburitsa kunogadzirwa uye peturu inotanga kupisa. Ipapo chiyero chechitatu chinotanga.

Kushanda sitiroko

Kana iyo VTS ikabatidzwa, zvigadzirwa zvemoto zvinowanda munzvimbo iri pamusoro pepiston. Panguva ino, pamusoro pesimba risingaiti, kumanikidzwa kwemweya unowedzera unotanga kuita pisitoni, uye unodzokera pasi zvakare. Mukupesana nesitiroko yekudyiwa, simba remuchina harichachinjwe kubva kune crankshaft kuenda kuPiston, asi zvinopesana - iyo pisitoni inosundira tsvimbo yekubatanidza uye nekudaro inoshandura crankshaft.

Mamwe esimba iri anoshandiswa kuita mamwe maronda muzvimedu zvakaperera. Yasara torque inobviswa negearbox uye inoendeswa kumavhiri ekutyaira.

Munguva yekurohwa, mavhavha ese akavharwa kuitira kuti magasi ari kuwedzera aite pisitoni chete. Kutenderera uku kunopera kana chinhu chichifamba musilinda chasvika kuzasi kwakafa nzvimbo. Ipapo iyo yekupedzisira chiyero cheiyo kutenderera inotanga.

Kusunungurwa

Nokushandura crankshaft, pisitoni inokwira zvakare. Panguva ino, vharuvhu yekupedza inovhura (imwe kana maviri, zvinoenderana nerudzi rwenguva). Magasi emarara anofanira kubviswa.

Sezvo pisitoni inokwira kumusoro, gasi rekudzimisa rinosvinirwa kunze muchikamu chekubuda. Pamusoro pezvo, basa rayo rinotsanangurwa pano... Sitiroko inopera apo piston iri munzvimbo yepamusoro. Izvi zvinopedzisa mota kutenderera uye kutanga imwe nyowani ine yekudyiwa sitiroko.

Kupedzwa kwesitiroko hakuwanzo kuperekedzwa nekuvharwa kwakazara kweimwe vharuvhu. Izvo zvinoitika kuti mavhavha ekudyira uye ekupedza anoramba akavhurika kwechinguva. Izvi zvinodikanwa kuti uvandudze kushanda kwemhepo uye kuzadza ma cylinders.

Saka, iyo rectilinear kufamba kwepistoni inoshandurwa kuita kutenderera nekuda kweiyo chaiyo dhizaini yeiyo crankshaft. Yese echinyakare piston motors akavakirwa pachinhu ichi.

Kana dhiziri rinoshanda chete pane dhiziri, ipapo peturu vhezheni inogona kushanda kwete chete pane peturu, asiwo negasi (propane-butane). Mamwe mashoko nezvekuti kuiswa kwakadai kuchashanda sei kunotsanangurwa pano.

Huru zvinhu zve peturu injini

Kuti kurova kwese muinjini kuitwe panguva yakakodzera uye nekugona kwakanyanya, chinzvimbo chemagetsi chinofanirwa kunge chiine zvikamu zvemhando yepamusoro chete. Mudziyo wepiston dzese dzemoto injini dzinosanganisira dzinotevera zvikamu.

Cylinder block

Muchokwadi, uyu ndiwo mutumbi weinjini yepeturu, umo migero yejaketi inotonhorera, nzvimbo dzekubatanidza mitezo nema cylinders pachawo zvinogadzirwa. Pane nadzurudzo ine akapatsanurwa akaiswa sepombi.

Chaizvoizvo, chikamu ichi chakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa, asi nekuda kwekuchengetedza huremu pane mamwe mamodheru emota, vagadziri vanogona kugadzira aluminium mabhuroko. Ivo vanonyanya kusimba kana tichienzanisa neyekare analogue.

Pisitoni

Ichi chikamu, chinova chikamu che silinda-pisitoni boka, chinotora kuita kweanowedzera magasi uye chinopa kumanikidza pane crankshaft crank. Kana kurohwa, kumanikidza uye kupedza chiutsi kunoitwa, chikamu ichi chinogadzira vhoriyamu musilinda, inodzvinyirira musanganiswa wepeturu nemhepo, uyezve inobvisa zvigadzirwa zvemoto kubva mudumbu.

Maumbirwo, mhando uye musimboti wekushanda kwechinhu ichi zvinotsanangurwa zvakadzama. mune imwe ongororo... Muchidimbu, padivi pemagetsi, inogona kuve yakati sandara kana nezororo. Kubva kunze, kwakabatana nepini yesimbi kune tsvimbo yekubatanidza.

Kudzivirira mweya wekubuda kubva mukudonhera mu-sub-piston nzvimbo kana uchisunda magasi ekudzimisa panguva yekurova kwekushanda, chikamu ichi chakashongedzwa nemaO-mhete akati wandei. Nezve ravo basa uye dhizaini iripo Chitsauko chakaparadzana.

Kubatanidza tsvimbo

Chikamu ichi chinobatanidza pisitoni kune crankshaft crank. Dhizaini yechinhu ichi inoenderana nerudzi rweinjini. Semuenzaniso, pane injini yakaita V, tambo mbiri dzekubatanidza dzega dzega dzesilinda dzakabatanidzwa kune rimwe crankshaft yekubatanidza tsvimbo yemagazini.

Kazhinji simbi yakasimba-simbi inoshandiswa kugadzirwa kwechikamu ichi, asi dzimwe nguva vamwe vealuminium vanowanikwawo.

Crankshaft

Uyu mugodhi une makrank. Kubatanidza matanda kwakabatana kwavari. Iyo crankshaft ine angangoita maviri akakura mabheyari uye zvipikiso zvinotsiva kudedera kwekutotenderera kweiyo shaft axis uye kudzikisira iyo inertia simba. Mamwe mashoko nezve mudziyo wechikamu ichi anotsanangurwa zvakasiyana.

Kune rimwe divi, pulley yenguva inoiswa pairi. Kune rimwe divi rakatarisana, furuwheel inosungirirwa kune crankshaft. Kutenda chinhu ichi, zvinokwanisika kutanga mota uchishandisa Starter.

Mavharuvhu

Muchikamu chepamusoro cheinjini mumusoro we cylinder yakaiswa mavharuvhu... Izvi zvinhu zvinovhura / kuvhara iyo inlet uye nzira yekubuditsa chiteshi cheiyo yaunoda sitiroko.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvikamu izvi zvinotakurirwa muchirimo. Ivo vanofambiswa nenguva camshaft. Iyi shaft inoenderana ne crankshaft kuburikidza nebhandi kana cheni yekutyaira.

Dzomoto chivhariso

Vatyairi vazhinji vanoziva kuti injini yedhiziri inoshanda nekupisa mweya wakatsindirwa musilinda. Kana mafuta edhiziri akajowa mune ino svikiro, musanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta unobva wabatidzwa netembiricha yemhepo. Neyuniti peturu, mamiriro acho akasiyana. Kuti musanganiswa ubve, zvinoda magetsi emagetsi.

Kana kumanikidzwa mu peturu injini yemoto yemukati ikawedzerwa kusvika pakukosha padhuze neiyo muinjini yedhiziri, saka, kuve nenhamba yepamusoro yeoctane, peturu ine kudziyisa kwakasimba inogona kubatidza pakutanga pane zvinodikanwa. Izvi zvinokanganisa iyo unit.

Iyo plug inofambiswa neiyo kuveza system. Zvichienderana nemota yemota, ino sisitimu inogona kunge iine chakasiyana chishandiso. Tsanangudzo pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana dzinotsanangurwa pano.

Injini peturu anobatsira anoshanda masisitimu

Hapana injini yemoto yemukati inokwanisa kushanda yakazvimiririra isina masystem anobatsira. Kuti mota mota itange zvachose, inofanirwa kuwiriraniswa nehurongwa hwakadai.

1. Mafuta. Inopa peturu padhuze nemutsara kune majekiseni (kana iri jekiseni unit) kana kune carburetor. Iyi sisitimu inobatanidzwa mukugadzirira kwemauto-tekinoroji kubatana. Mumota dzemazuva ano, musanganiswa wemhepo / mafuta unogadziriswa nemagetsi.
2. Galvanzie. Icho chikamu chemagetsi chinopa mota nemoto wakadzikama wesirinda yega yega. Kune matatu makuru marudzi eaya masisitimu: kusangana, kusabatana uye microprocessor mhando. Dzese dzinotarisa iyo nguva panodiwa checheki, gadzira yakakwira voltage uye nekuparadzira kushushikana kune inoenderana kenduru. Hapana imwe yeaya masystem anoshanda kana ikakanganisa crankshaft chinzvimbo chinzwa.
3. Lubricating uye kutonhora. Kuti zvikamu zveinjini zvimire nemitoro inorema (inogara ichingoitwa mechina mutoro uye kusvikirwa netembiricha yakakwira kwazvo, mune mamwe madhipatimendi inokwira kusvika pamadhigirii anopfuura chiuru), inoda mhando yepamusoro uye yekugara ichizora, pamwe nekutonhora. Aya maitiro maviri akasiyana, asi lubrication mumotokari zvakare inobvumidza kupisa kuti kubviswe kune imwe nhanho kubva kunopisa zvikamu, zvakaita semapiston.
4. Kuneta. Zvekuti mota ine injini inomhanya isavhundutse vamwe neruzha runovhara, inogamuchira yepamusoro-soro fosi system. Kuwedzera kune chinyararire mashandiro emuchina, ino sisitimu inosimbisa iyo neutralization yezvinhu zvinokuvadza zviri mune chiutsi (kune izvi, muchina unofanirwa kuve uripo chinogadzirisa chinoshandura).
5. Kugovera gasi. Ichi chikamu cheinjini (iyo nguva iri mumusoro we cylinder). Iyo camshaft inovhura iyo yekudyira / yekumesa mavharuvhu zvakasiyana, kuitira kuti ma cylinders aite yakakodzera sitiroko nenguva.

Aya ndiwo makuru masisitimu nekutenda iyo iyo unit inogona kushanda. Kuwedzera kwavari, simba chikwata anogona kugamuchira dzimwe nzira kuti vawedzere kushanda kwayo. Muenzaniso weichi chikamu chinja. Iyi nzira inokutendera kuti ubvise kugona kwakanyanya pane chero injini kumhanya. Inogadzirisa kukwirira uye nguva yekuvhura kwevhavha, iyo inokanganisa simba remuchina. Nheyo yekushanda uye mhando dzenzira dzakadai dzinofungidzirwa zvakadzama. zvakasiyana.

Nzira yekuchengetedza sei kushanda kweinjini yepeturu mushure memakore mazhinji ekushanda?

Mumwe muridzi wemota anofunga nezve nzira yekuwedzera hupenyu hunoshanda hweyuniti yemagetsi yemota yake. Tisati tafunga nezvezvaanogona kuitira izvi, zvakakodzera kufunga nezvechakanyanya kukosha chinokanganisa hutano hwemota. Uku ndiko kuvaka mhando uye tekinoroji iyo iyo automaker inoshandisa kana ichigadzira ichi kana icho simba unit.

Aya ndiwo matanho ekutanga mutyairi wese anofanira kutevedzera:

• Ita kuchengetedza mota yako zvinoenderana nemirau yakatarwa nemugadziri;
• Dururira peturu yemhando yepamusoro chete mutangi, uye nemhando yakakodzera yeinjini;
• Shandisa injini yemafuta yakagadzirirwa imwe injini yemoto yemukati;
• Usashandise dhiraivha yekutyaira ine hukasha, kazhinji uchityaira injini kusvika kumawoko revs;
• Ita kudzivirirwa kwekuparara, semuenzaniso, kugadzirisa mabheji evhavha. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemota ibhandi rayo. Kunyangwe kana zvichioneka zvinoita sekunge zvichiri mumamiriro akanaka, zvichiri kudikanwa kuzvitsiva nekukurumidza nguva inoratidzwa nemugadziri yasvika. Chinhu ichi chinotsanangurwa zvakadzama. zvakasiyana.

Sezvo mota iri chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mumotokari, mutyairi wese anofanira kuteerera basa rayo uye nekucherechedza kunyangwe shanduko diki mukushanda kwayo. Hezvino izvo zvinogona kuratidza kusashanda kwechikamu chemagetsi:

• Mukuita kwebasa, mitinhimira yekunze yakaonekwa kana kudengenyeka kwakawedzera;
• Injini yekutsva yemukati yarasikirwa neyakagadziriswa uye inodzoreredza kana uchimanikidza peturu
• Kuwedzera kwehusimbe (yakakwira gasi mileage inogona kusanganisirwa nekudiwa kwekudziya injini munguva yechando kana kana uchichinja maitiro ekutyaira);
• Mafuta emafuta anodonha zvishoma uye girizi inoda kugara ichizadzikiswa;
• Iyo inotonhorera yakatanga kunyangarika kumwe kunhu, asi pasi pemotokari hapana madhishi, uye tangi rakanyatsovharwa;
• Hutsi hwebhuruu kubva pombi yekuzadza;
• Shanduko dzinoyerera - ivo pachavo vanomuka uye vanodonha, kana mutyairi anofanirwa kugara achikwenya mweya kuitira kuti injini irege kumira (mune ino kesi, iyo yekuvesa system inogona kunge yakanganisa)
• Inotanga zvisina tsarukano kana isingade kutanga zvachose.

Imwe neimwe mota ine zvayowo zvinyengeri zvebasa, saka mutyairi anofanirwa kuzvizivisa neese maone nuances ekushanda uye kugadzirisa yeyuniti. Kana mutyairi achigona kutsiva / kugadzirisa zvimwe zvikamu kana kunyange michina mumotokari ari ega, zviri nani kuisa muchina kugadziridzwa kwechimwe chipenga.

Pamusoro pezvo, tinokurudzira kuverenga nezve izvo zvinoderedza basa reinjini yepeturu.

Kubatsira uye Kukanganisa kweUniversal Peturu Injini

Kana isu tichienzanisa dhiziri unit uye peturu unit, ipapo zvakanakira wechipiri zvinosanganisira:

1. Yakakwirira simba;
2. Basa rakatsiga pakadzika tembiricha;
3. Kushanda kwakadzikama nekudengenyeka kudiki (kana iyo unit yakanyatsogadziriswa);
4. Inodhura isingadhuri kuchengetedza (kana isu tisiri kutaura nezve yakasarudzika mota, semuenzaniso, vatambi vetsiva kana neEcoBoost system);
5. Huru yekushandisa sosi;
6. Iko hakuna kudikanwa kwekushandisa mwaka wemafuta;
7. Kuchenesa kuchenesa nekuda kwekusachena kushoma mu peturu;
8. Nemavhoriyamu akafanana seinjini yedhiziri, mhando iyi yeinjini yemukati yemagetsi ine simba rakawanda.

Tichifunga nezve masimba akasimba uye masimba epeturu zvikamu, mota dzemitambo zhinji dzakashongedzerwa nemiti yakadaro yemagetsi.

Panyaya yebasa, izvi zvigadziriso zvine zvazvakanakirawo. Zvinoshandiswa kwavari zvakachipa, uye iyo yekugadzirisa pachayo haidi kuitiswa kazhinji. Chikonzero ndechekuti zvikamu zveinjini yepeturu zviri pasi pekushushikana zvakanyanya kupfuura analogue anoshandiswa muinjini dzedhiziri.

Kunyangwe mutyairi achifanira kungwarira nezve iyo gasi gasi yaanozadza mota yake kwariri, sarudzo yepeturu haisi seinoda pane mhando yemafuta sekuenzaniswa nedhiziri. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa anogona kuitika, iwo mabhagi anokurumidza kuvhara.

Kunyangwe paine zvakanakira izvi, mota idzi dzine zvimwe zvisina kunaka, ndosaka vatyairi vazhinji vachisarudza dhiziri. Heano mamwe acho:

1. Kunyangwe iyo simba rekubatsira, iyo unit ine yakafanana vhoriyamu ichave iine mashoma torque. Kune emarori ekutengesa, iyi paramende yakakosha.
2. Injini yedhiziri ine imwechete yekumhanyisa inoshandisa mafuta mashoma pane aya mhando yeyuniti.
3. Kana iri yehutongi hutongi, iyo peturu unit inogona kupisa mumigwagwa yemotokari.
4. Peturu inotsvaira zvirinyore kubva kunopisa kupisa. Naizvozvo, mota ine injini yemukati yakadaro ine ngozi zvakanyanya mumoto.

Kuita kuti zvive nyore kusarudza kuti motokari inofanira kuva neyuniti ipi, muridzi wemotokari mune ramangwana anofanira kutanga asarudza zvaari kuda kubva kubhiza rake resimbi. Kana iko kusimbisa kuri kutsungirira, yakakwira torque uye hupfumi, saka zviri pachena kuti unofanirwa kusarudza injini yedhiziri. Asi nekuda kwekutyaira kwakasimba uye kudhura kuchengetedza, iwe unofanirwa kuteerera kune mumwe peturu. Ehe, paramende yebasa rebhajeti ipfungwa yakasununguka, nekuti zvinoenderana nekirasi yemota uye masisitimu anoshandiswa mairi.

Pakupera kwekudzokorora, tinokurudzira kutarisa diki vhidhiyo kuenzanisa peturu nedhiziri injini:

PETROL KANA DIISI? TARISIRA UENZANISE MITAURO MIVIRI YEMAHEMA.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Injini yepeturu inoshanda sei? Iyo pombi yemafuta inopa peturu kune carburetor kana majekiseni. Pakupera kwekudzvanywa kwepeturu nemhepo, spark plug inogadzira spark inotungidza BTC, zvichiita kuti magasi ari kuwedzera kusundira piston kunze.

Injini yechina-stroke inoshanda sei? Motokari yakadaro ine gasi rekugovera nzira (musoro une camshaft unowanikwa pamusoro pemasilinda, iyo inovhura / inovhara mavharuvhu ekupinza uye kupera - kuburikidza navo, BTC inopiwa uye gasi rinopera rinobviswa).

Injini ye-two-stroke inoshanda sei? Injini yakadaro haina gasi kugovera michina. Mune imwe shanduko ye crankshaft, shamhu mbiri dzinoitwa: kumanikidza uye kushanda sitiroko. Kuzadzwa kwe cylinder uye kubviswa kwemagesi emhepo kunoitika panguva imwe chete.