Motokari mafuta system

Hapana mota ine injini yemukati yekupisa pasi pehodhi inozotya kana peturu yayo isina chinhu. Asi kwete chete mafuta ari mutangi iri. Izvo zvichiri kuda kuendeswa kune iyo masirinda. Kune izvi, mafuta system yeinjini yakagadzirwa. Ngatimbokurukurai chii mashandiro ayo, sei mota peturu chinhu chakasiyana neshanduro inoshandisa injini yedhiziri. Ngationewo kuti ndezvipi zviripo zvazvino zviripo izvo zvinowedzera kugona kwekupa nekusanganisa mafuta nemhepo.

Chii chinonzi injini yemafuta

Iyo peturu system ichataura kumidziyo inobvumidza injini kuti ishande yakazvimiririra nekuda kwekutsva kwemhepo-peturu musanganiswa wakatsindirwa mumasirinda. Zvichienderana nemota yemota, injini mhando nezvimwe zvinhu, imwe peturu system inogona kunge yakatosiyana kubva kune imwe, asi vese vane iwo musimboti wekushanda: vanopa mafuta kune anoenderana mayuniti, sanganisa nemhepo uye ive nechokwadi chisina kumiswa kugoverwa kweiyo musanganiswa kune humburumbira.

Iyo yekugovera mafuta system pachayo haipe kushanda kwakazvimiririra kwesimba remagetsi, zvisinei nerudzi rwayo. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuwiriraniswa neiyo inopisa system. Iyo mota inogona kuve yakashongedzerwa neimwe yezvakawanda shanduko izvo zvinoita kuti ive nenguva yakakodzera kuvesa kweVTS. Tsanangudzo pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana uye nheyo yekushanda kweSZ mumotokari inotsanangurwa mune imwe ongororo... Iyo sisitimu inoshandawo pamwe chete neinotora system yeinjini yemukati yemoto, iyo inotsanangurwa zvakadzama. pano.

Zvisinei, zvambotaurwa pamusoro motokari chokuita peturu dzakabatana. Injini yedhiziri inoshanda neimwe nzira. Muchidimbu, haina system yekuvesa. Mafuta edhiziri anopisa musilinda nekuda kwemhepo inopisa nekuda kwekumanikidza kwakanyanya. Kana pisitoni yapedza kurova sitiroko, chikamu chemweya musilinda chinova chinopisa kwazvo. Panguva ino, mafuta edhiziri akajowa, uye iyo BTC inovhenekera.

Chinangwa chemafuta system

Chero injini inopisa VTS yakagadzirirwa nemotokari, zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvinopa zviito zvinotevera mumotokari:

1. Ipa kuchengetwa kwemafuta mune rakasiyana tangi;
2. Zvinotora mafuta kubva mutangi remafuta;
3. Kuchenesa nharaunda kubva kune dzimwe nyika zvimedu;
4. Mafuta anopa kune iyo unit mairi inosangana nemhepo;
5. Kupfira VTS mune inoshanda silinda;
6. Mafuta anodzoka kana akawandisa.

Iyo mota yakagadzirirwa kuti musanganiswa unotsva unopihwa kune iyo inoshanda silinda panguva iyo kupisa kweVTS kuchanyanya kushanda, uye kugona kwakanyanya kuchabviswa mumotokari. Sezvo yega nzira yeinjini inoda imwe nguva uye chiyero chemafuta, mainjiniya akagadzira masisitimu anoenderana nekumhanya kweinjini uye nemutoro wayo.

Fuel system mudziyo

Mazhinji mafuta ekufambisa masisitimu ane dhizaini yakafanana. Chaizvoizvo, iyo yakasarudzika scheme ichave nezvinhu zvinotevera zvinhu:

• Tangi remafuta kana tangi. Inochengetera mafuta. Motokari dzemazuva ano dzinowana zvinopfuura kungova mudziyo wesimbi uyo mugwagwa wakakodzera. Iyo ine chishandiso chakaomesesa chine akati wandei zvinhu zvinopa chengetedzo inoshanda kwazvo peturu kana dhiziri. Iyi sisitimu inosanganisira adsorber, Sefa, level sensor uye mumamodeli mazhinji pombi yemota.
• Mutsara wemafuta. Iyi inowanzo kuve inochinjika yerabha hosi iyo inobatanidza pombi yemafuta kune zvimwe zvikamu muhurongwa. Mune michina mizhinji, iyo pombi ine pamwe inochinjika uye pamwe yakaoma (chikamu ichi chine mapaipi esimbi). Iyo yakapfava chubhu inoita yakaderera-kumanikidza peturu mutsetse. Muchikamu chesimbi chemutsara, peturu kana mafuta edhiziri ane kumanikidza kwakawanda. Zvakare, mota yemafuta tambo inogona kuve nemamiriro akapatsanurwa kuita matunhu maviri. Yekutanga ine basa rekudyisa injini nechikamu chitsva chemafuta, uye inonzi chikafu. Padunhu repiri (kudzoka), iyo sisitimu inodhonzera iyo yakawandisa peturu / dhiziri mafuta kudzosera mutangi yegasi. Zvakare, dhizaini yakadaro inogona kunge isiri kwete chete mumotokari dzazvino, asi zvakare kune idzo dzine carburetor mhando yeVTS kugadzirira.
• Pombi yepeturu. Chinangwa cheichi chishandiso ndechekuona kugara uchipomba svikiro rinoshanda kubva padziva kusvika kuzvipfapfaidzo kana kukamuri uko kwakagadzirirwa VTS. Zvichienderana nemhando ipi yemota yakaiswa mumota, iyi michina inogona kutungamirwa nemagetsi kana nemagetsi. Iyo pombi yemagetsi inodzorwa neyemagetsi control unit, uye chikamu chakakosha cheICI jekiseni system (jekiseni mota). Pombi yemuchina inoshandiswa mumota dzekare umo carburetor yakaiswa pamota. Chaizvoizvo, peturu yemukati injini yemagetsi ine pombi yemafuta imwe chete, asi pane zvakare kugadziridzwa kwejekiseni mota ine booster pombi (mune shanduro dzinosanganisira peturu peturu). Injini yedhiziri yakagadzirirwa mapombi maviri, imwe ipombi yekumanikidza. Iyo inogadzira yakakwira kumanikidza mumutsara (chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kwechigadzirwa zvinotsanangurwa zvakadzama zvakasiyana). Iyo yechipiri mapombi mafuta, zvichiita iyo huru supercharger kuve nyore kushanda. Pombi dzinogadzira kumanikidza kwakanyanya mumainjini edhiziri anofambiswa neapunger peya (chii ichi, chinotsanangurwa pano).
• Fuel cleaner. Mazhinji mafirita masisitimu anove nemashoma mafirita maviri. Yekutanga inopa isina kunaka kuchenesa, uye yakaiswa mutangi yegasi. Yechipiri yakagadzirirwa kunyatsochenesa mafuta. Chikamu ichi chakaisirwa pamberi penzvimbo yetiroko yemafuta, yakanyanya kumanikidza pombi yemafuta kana pamberi pekarori. Zvinhu izvi zvinoshandiswa uye zvinoda kuchinjwa nguva nenguva.
• Injini dzedhiziri dzinoshandisa zvakare michina inodziisa mafuta edhiziri isati yapinda musirinda. Kuvapo kwaro kwakakonzerwa nenyaya yekuti mafuta edhiziri ane hushoshoma hwakakwirira patembiricha yakaderera, uye zvinowedzera kuomera pombi kubata nebasa rayo, uye mune dzimwe nguva haikwanise kupomba mafuta mumutsetse. Asi kune aya mayunitsi, kuvepo kwekupenya plugs kwakakodzerawo. Verenga pamusoro pekuti ivo vakasiyana sei kubva kune spark plugs uye nei vachidikanwa. zvakasiyana.

Zvichienderana nemhando yesystem, zvimwe zvishandiso zvinogona zvakare kuverengerwa mukugadzirwa kwayo, izvo zvinopa basa rakapetana rekuwanisa mafuta.

Mafuta emota anoshanda sei?

Sezvo paine mota dzakasiyana siyana, imwe neimwe yadzo ine nzira yayo yekushanda. Asi misimboti yakakosha haina kusiyana. Mutyairi paanotenderedza kiyi mukiyi yekuvesa (kana injekisheni yakaiswa painjini yemoto yemukati), ruzha runonzwika runonzwika ruchiuya kubva kudivi rerangi tangi. Pombi yemafuta yakashanda. Inovaka kumanikidza mupombi. Kana iyo mota ikaiswa carbure, saka mune yakasarudzika vhezheni peturu pombi ndeyomuchina, uye kudzamara yatanga kutenderera, iyo supercharger haishande.

Kana iyo Starter yashandura iyo flywheel disk, ese mota mota anomanikidzwa kutanga zvakaenderana. Sezvo maPiston paanofamba mukati memasilindiri, mavharuvhu ekudyiwa emusoro wesirinda anovhurika. Nekuda kweiyo vharuvhu, iyo cylinder kamuri inotanga kuzadza nemhepo mune yakawanda yekudyira Panguva ino, peturu inopindwa murwizi runopfuura. Kune izvi, kamwene kanoshandiswa (pamusoro pekuti chinhu ichi chinoshanda nekushanda sei, verenga pano).

Kana mavharuvhu enguva achinge avhara, hove inoiswa kune yakasanganiswa mweya / musanganiswa wemafuta. Kuburitsa uku kunokonzeresa iyo BTS, panguva iyo yakawanda simba rinoburitswa, iro rinosundira iro pisitoni kuzasi kwakafa nzvimbo. Maitiro akafanana anoitika mumatenderedzwa akapindirana, uye mota inotanga kushanda yakazvimiririra.

Iyi hurongwa hwekushanda hwakajairika kune mazhinji mota dzazvino. Asi kumwe kugadziridzwa kwemafuta emafuta kunogona kushandiswa mumotokari. Ngatitarisei kuti ndeapi misiyano yavo.

Mhando dzejekiseni masisitimu

Majekiseni ese ejekiseni anogona kuve akapatsanurwa kuita maviri:

• Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvepeturu emagetsi epasi epasi;
• Mhando dzakasiyana dzedhiziri yemukati yemagetsi injini.

Asi kunyangwe muzvikamu izvi, pane mhando dzinoverengeka dzemotokari dzinozobaya mafuta nenzira yavo mumhepo inoenda kumakamuri esirinda. Heano akakosha misiyano pakati pemhando yega yega yemotokari.

Mafuta masisitimu epeturu injini

Mune nhoroondo yeindasitiri yemotokari, injini dze peturu (sezvikamu zvikuru zvemotokari) dzakaonekwa pamberi peinjini dzedhiziri. Sezvo mweya uchidikanwa kubatidza peturu mumasirinda (isina okisijeni, hapana kana chinhu chimwe chinobatidza), mainjiniya vakagadzira michina unit umo peturu inosanganiswa nemweya pasi pesimba rezvinhu zvakasikwa. Zvinoenderana nekuti maitiro acho anoitwa nemazvo kana mafuta akatsva zvachose kana kuti kwete.

Pakutanga iyi yakasarudzika yakasarudzika unit, yaive padhuze neinjini sezvinobvira pane yakawanda yekudyira. Ichi chi carburetor. Nekufamba kwenguva, zvakave pachena kuti hunhu hwemidziyo iyi zvinoenderana zvakananga nemajometri maficha etaipi uye masilinda, saka, kwete nguva dzose injini dzakadai dzinogona kupa chiyero chakaringana pakati pekushandisa peturu uye kugona kwakanyanya.

Mukutanga kwema50 ezana ramakore rapfuura, analogue yejekiseni yakaonekwa, iyo yakapa kumanikidzwa kwemetera yemafuta mumhepo inoyerera ichipfuura nepakawanda. Ngatitarisei mutsauko uripo pakati peaya maviri masisitimu ekushandurwa.

Carburetor mafuta ekupa system

Iyo carburetor injini iri nyore kusiyanisa kubva kune injini yejekiseni. Pamusoro pemusoro wesilinda pachave ne "pani" yakati sandara inova chikamu chehurongwa hwekudyiwa, uye pane firita yemweya mukati maro. Chinhu ichi chakaiswa zvakananga pa carburetor. Carburetor chishandiso chemakamuri mazhinji. Mamwe ane peturu, nepo mamwe acho asina chinhu, ndiko kuti, anoshanda senzira dzemhepo idzo iyo rwizi rwemhepo nyowani runopinda muunganidzi.

Iyo vharuvhu inopinza inoiswa mu carburetor. Muchokwadi, iyi ndiyo yega inogadzirisa muinjini yakadai iyo inosarudzira huwandu hwemhepo inopinda mumasirinda. Ichi chinhu chakabatanidzwa kuburikidza nechubhu chubhu kune iyo yekuparadzira inoshambadzira (verenga zvakawanda nezve muparidzi mune imwe chinyorwa) kugadzirisa iyo SPL nekuda kwekubvisa. Dzemotokari dzekare dzaishandisa chishandiso chimwe. Pamitambo yemitambo, imwe carburetor inogona kuiswa pairi imwe (kana imwe yehari mbiri), izvo zvakawedzera zvakanyanya simba reinjini yemoto yemukati.

Mafuta anowanikwa nekuda kwekukwezvwa kwezvikamu zvidiki zvepeturu kana kuyerera kwemhepo kuchipfuura nemajeti emafuta (nezve chimiro chavo uye chinangwa zvinotsanangurwa pano). Peturu inoyamwa murukova, uye nekuda kwegomba rakatetepa mumuromo, chikamu chinogoverwa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki.

Kupfuurirazve, kuyerera kweVTS uku kunopinda mune yakawanda yekudyira turakiti umo chivharo chakaumbwa nekuda kweiyo yakavhurika yekudyira vharuvhu uye pisitoni ichifamba ichidzika. Iyo pombi yemafuta mune yakadaro sisitimu inodikanwa chete kuitira kupomba peturu muchikamu chinoenderana che carburetor (peturu kamuri). Iko kusarongeka kweiyi gadziriro ndeyekuti pombi yemafuta ine kuomarara kwekubatana nemagetsi emagetsi (inoenderana nerudzi rweinjini, asi mumamodeli mazhinji inotungamirwa necamshaft).

Saka kuti kamuri yemafuta ye carburetor isafashukire uye peturu haina kuwira isingadzoreke mumakomba ari padyo, zvimwe zvishandiso zvine tambo yekudzoka. Inoona kuti gasi rakawandisa rakadzoserwa mutangi gasi.

Fuel jekiseni system (peturu jekiseni system)

Mono jekiseni yakagadzirwa seimwe nzira kune yakasarudzika carburetor. Ichi chirongwa neakamanikidzwa atomization peturu (kuvapo kamwene kunokutendera kuti ugovane chikamu chemafuta muzvikamu zvidiki). Muchokwadi, iyi ndiyo imwecheteyo carburetor, imwe chete injector yakaiswa mune yakawanda yekudyira panzvimbo peyaimbove mudziyo. Iyo yatove inodzorwa ne microprocessor, iyo zvakare inodzora iyo yemagetsi kuvesa system (verenga nezvayo zvakadzama pano).

Mune ino dhizaini, iyo pombi yemafuta yatove yemagetsi, uye inogadzira yakakwira kumanikidza, iyo inogona kusvika kubhawa yakati wandei (hunhu uhwu hunoenderana nemudziyo wejekiseni). Imotokari yakadaro nerubatsiro rwemagetsi inogona kuchinja huwandu hwekuyerera uchipinda mune nyowani yemhepo rukova (chinja kuumbwa kweVTS - ita kuti ipere kana kupfumiswa), nekuda kwekuti majekiseni ese ane hupfumi zvakanyanya kupfuura injini dzemotokari ine vhoriyamu yakafanana. .

Shure kwaizvozvo, iyo injekisheni yakashanduka ikava kumwe kunatsurudzwa izvo zvinongowedzera chete kushanda kwepeturu kupuruzira, asi zvakare zvinokwanisa kuchinjira kune akasiyana mashandiro ekushandisa yeyuniti. Tsanangudzo pamusoro pemhando dzemhando dzejekiseni dzinotsanangurwa mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa... Heano makuru mota ane akamanikidzwa atomization peturu:

1. Monoinjection. Isu tatoongorora muchidimbu maitiro ayo.
2. Yakaparadzirwa jekiseni. Muchidimbu, mutsauko wayo kubva pane nadzurudzo yapfuura ndeyekuti hapana kana imwe, asi mabhureki akati wandei anoshandiswa kupopera. Ivo vatove vakaiswa mune akapatsanurwa mapaipi ehuwandu hwekudya. Nzvimbo yavo inoenderana nerudzi rwemota. Mune magetsi emagetsi emazuva ano, mapfapfaira akaisirwa padhuze nepazvinobvira mavharuvhu ekuvhura. Iyo yega atomizing element inoderedza kurasikirwa kwepeturu panguva yekushanda kweiyo yekudyira system. Mukugadzirwa kwemhando idzi dzemotokari pane peturu yetirangi (tende diki rakareba rinoita sedziva mune peturu iri pasi pekumanikidzwa). Iyi module inobvumira iyo sisitimu kugovera mafuta zvakaenzana kuyambuka majekiseni pasina vibration. Mumota dzepamberi, rakanyanya kuomarara bhatiri mhando yemotokari inoshandiswa. Iyi njanji yemafuta, pairi panenge paine vharuvhu inodzora kumanikidza muhurongwa kuitira kuti irege kuputika (iyo pombi yejekiseni inokwanisa kugadzira kumanikidza kwakakosha pamapayipi, nekuti iyo plunger peya inoshanda kubva kuhukama hwakasimba kusvika simba remagetsi). Iyo inoshanda sei, verenga zvakasiyana... MaMotors ane multipoint jekiseni akanyorwa kuti MPI (yakawanda-poindi jekiseni inotsanangurwa zvakadzama pano)
3. Yakananga jekiseni. Mhando iyi inoreva masystem ekuparadzira peturu akawanda. Chinhu chayo chaicho ndechekuti majekiseni haana kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekudyira, asi zvakananga mumusoro we cylinder. Iyi gadziriro inobvumira vagadziri vemotokari kushongedzera iyo yemukati kupisa injini ine system iyo inodzima akati wandei masilinda zvichienderana nemutoro uri muchikamu. Nekuda kweizvi, kunyangwe injini hombe kwazvo inogona kuratidza kugona kwakanaka, hongu, kana mutyairi akashandisa sisitimu iyi nemazvo.

Musimboti kushanda jekiseni Motors anoramba kuchinja. Nekubatsira kwepombi, peturu inotorwa kubva mutangi. Iyo imwechete mashini kana jekiseni pombi inogadzira kumanikidza kunodiwa kuti ibudirire atomization. Zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo ehurongwa hwekudyiwa, panguva yakakodzera, chidimbu chidiki chemafuta chakasaswa kuburikidza nemuromo chinopihwa (hutsi hwemafuta hunogadzirwa, nekuda kwekuti iyo BTC inopisa zvakanyanya zvakanyanya).

Mota zhinji dzazvino uno dzakashongedzerwa neramp uye yekumanikidza yekumanikidza. Mune ino vhezheni, kushanduka kwekuwanikwa kwepeturu kwakaderedzwa, uye zvakagovaniswa zvakaenzana pamusoro peanopinza. Iko mashandiro ehurongwa hwese anodzorwa neyemagetsi control unit zvinoenderana nemaalgorithms akasimbwa mu microprocessor.

Diesel mafuta masisitimu

Masisitimu emafuta edhiziri enjini akanangana nejekiseni chete. Icho chikonzero chiri mumutemo weHTS kuvesa. Mukushandurwa kwakadai kwemamota, hapana nzira yekuvesa zvakadaro. Dhizaini yeyuniti iyi inoreva kudzvinyirira kwemweya mune humburumbira zvekuti unopisa kusvika pamazana emadhigirii. Kana iyo pisitoni yasvika pamusoro yakafa nzvimbo, iyo peturu sisitimu inodzinga mafuta edizili muchirinda. Pasi pesimba rekupisa kwepamusoro, musanganiswa wemhepo nedhiziri unopisa, zvichisunungura simba rinodiwa pakufamba kwepiston.

Chimwe chiitiko cheinjini dzedhiziri ndechekuti, tichienzanisa nevamwe ve peturu, kumanikidza kwavo kwakanyanya, saka, iyo peturu sisitimu inofanira kugadzira yakanyanya kumanikidza kwedhiziri peturu. Nokuda kweizvi, chete pombi yepamusoro-pombi inoshandiswa, iyo inoshanda pahwaro hweplunger peya. Kukanganisa kwechinhu ichi kunodzivirira mota kuti isashande.

Dhizaini yemotokari iyi inosanganisira mapombi maviri emafuta. Imwe inongopomha mafuta edhiziri kuenda kune yekutanga, uye iyo huru inogadzira kumanikidza kunodiwa. Chinhu chinonyanya kushanda uye chiito ndiyo iyo Common Rail mafuta system. Anotsanangurwa zvakadzama mune imwe chinyorwa.

Heino vhidhiyo ipfupi nezve iyo mhando yeiyo system:

Kutsvaga Zvakajairika Njanji. Diesel majekiseni.

Sezvauri kuona, mota dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa zvirinani uye zvine hunyanzvi masisitimu emafuta. Nekudaro, izvi zviitiko zvine chakakosha kudzora. Kunyangwe ivo vachishanda zvakavimbika zvakakwana, kana paine kuputsika, kugadzirisa kwavo kunodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura kuseva vamwe vanoita carburetor.

Mikana yemazuva ano mafuta masisitimu

Kunyangwe paine matambudziko nekugadzirisa uye nemutengo wakakwira wezvinhu zvemunhu zvemagetsi emazuva ano, vagadziri vemoto vanomanikidzwa kuita izvi zviitiko mumamodeli avo nezvikonzero zvakati.

1. Chekutanga, idzi mota dzinokwanisa kupa hupfumi hwakapfuma huchienzaniswa necarburetor ICE eiyo vhoriyamu. Panguva imwecheteyo, simba reinjini haribayirwe, asi mumamodeli mazhinji, pane zvinopesana, pane kuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi kana ichienzaniswa nezvishoma zvisingabudirire, asi nemavhoriyamu akafanana.
2. Chechipiri, gadziriro yemafuta emazuva ano inoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirisa chinwiwa chemafuta kune mutoro wepachikamu chemagetsi.
3. Chechitatu, nekuderedza huwandu hwemafuta akatsva, mota inowanzo sangana nemhando yepamusoro yezvakatipoteredza.
4. Chechina, kushandiswa kwemagetsi kunoita kuti zvikwanisike kwete chete kupa mirairo kune vanogadzira, asi kudzora zviitiko zvese zvinoitika mukati meyuniti yemagetsi. Zvimakanika zvishandiso zvakare zvinoshanda, nekuti macarburetor michina haisati yabva mukushandisa, asi haigone kuchinja modhi yemafuta.

Nekudaro, sezvataona, mota dzazvino uno dzinobvumira kwete chete kuti mota ifambe, asiwo kushandisa kugona kwakazara kwese kudonha kwemafuta, zvichipa mutyairi mufaro kubva mukushanda kwesimba kwesimba remagetsi.

Mukupedzisa - vhidhiyo pfupi nezve mashandiro ehurongwa hwakasiyana hwemafuta:

Ndedzipi mhando dzejekiseni mupeturu nedhiziri injini, dzakasiyana sei uye jekiseni ripi riri nani

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Mafuta emafuta anorongwa sei? Tangi yemafuta (gasi tangi), pombi yemafuta, mutsara wemafuta (yakaderera kana yakakwira), sprayers (nozzles, uye mumhando dzekare carburetor).

Chii chinonzi mafuta emotokari mumotokari? Iyi ndiyo nzira inopa kuchengetedza kwemafuta, kuchenesa uye kupomba kubva kugasi tangi kuenda kune injini yekusanganiswa nemhepo.

Chii chinonzi mafuta masisitimu? Carburetor, monoinjection (imwe nozzle pamusoro musimboti carburetor), akagovera jekiseni (injector). Jekiseni rinoparadzirwa rinosanganisirawo jekiseni rakananga.