Iyo mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo hydropneumatic kuturika Hydractive

Gore rega rega, vagadziri vemota vanovandudza yavo mamodheru emota, vachiita dzimwe shanduko mukugadzirwa uye marongero emota dzichangoburwa dzemota. Zvimwe zvinogadziridzwa zvinogona kugamuchirwa neanotevera auto masystem:

• Kutonhora (chishandiso cheiyo classical kutonhora sisitimu, pamwe nekumwe kugadziridzwa kwayo, kunotsanangurwa mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa);
• Mafuta (chinangwa chayo uye musimboti wekushanda zvinokurukurwa zvizere pano);
• Kuda (pamusoro pake kuripo kumwe kuongorora);
• Fuel (inofungidzirwa zvakadzama zvakasiyana);
• Kugadziridzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kweiri-vhiri dhiraivha, semuenzaniso, xDrive, nezve izvo zvinoverengwa zvimwe pano.

Zvichienderana nemarongerwo uye chinangwa chekudzora moyo, mota inogona kugamuchira zvigadziriso kune chero hurongwa, kunyangwe imwe isiri yekusungirwa kune mota dzazvino (ruzivo nezve dzakadai mota masisitimu dzinotsanangurwa mune imwe wongororo).

Imwe yenzira dzakakosha kwazvo dzinovimbisa kufamba kwakachengeteka uye kwakasununguka kwemotokari kumiswa kwayo. Iyo yakasarudzika vhezheni inofungidzirwa zvakadzama pano... Kugadzira matsva ekumisa zvigadziriso, wega wega mugadziri anovavarira kuunza zvigadzirwa zvavo padhuze nepazvinogona kune akakodzera, anokwanisa kuchinjika kune akasiyana mamiriro emigwagwa uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvechero, kunyangwe mutyairi akaomesesa. Kune izvi, semuenzaniso, anoshanda ekumisa masisitimu akagadzirwa (verenga nezvazvo zvakasiyana).

Mune ino ongororo, isu ticha tarisa kune imwe yeanobudirira kumiswa kugadziriswa ayo anoshandiswa mune mazhinji maCitroen mamodheru, pamwe nemamwe ma automaker. Uku ndiko kumiswa kweHydractive hydropneumatic. Ngatikurukurei kuti chii chakasarudzika, mashandiro ayo uye mashandiro ayo. Tichatarisawo kuti chii chisina kushanda, uye ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira.

Chii chinonzi hydropneumatic mota kuturika

Chero nadzurudzo yekumiswa inoitirwa kuitirwa kuti ivandudze masimba emota (kugadzikana kwayo kana ichikona uye painofamba inopinza), pamwe nekuwedzera nyaradzo kune wese munhu ari mukamuri mukati merwendo. Iyo hydropneumatic kuturika hakuna izvo.

Iyi ndiyo mhando yekumiswa, dhizaini yacho inoreva kuvapo kwezvinhu zvekuwedzera izvo zvinokutendera kuti uchinje kusimba kweiyo system. Izvi, zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu mumugwagwa, zvinobvumidza mota kutenderera zvishoma (kuomarara kunodiwa kumhanya-mhanya yemitambo yekutyaira) kana kupa unyoro hwakanyanya kutakura.

Zvakare, ino sisitimu inokutendera iwe kuti uchinje kubvumidzwa kwepasi (nezve zvazviri, kuyerwa kwayakaita, uye zvakare basa ripi rainaro kumota, verenga mune imwe ongororo) yemota, kwete chete kuidzikamisa, asi zvakare kupa iyo yekutanga mota, sekuti, semuenzaniso, mumigwagwa yepasi (verenga nezve iyi nzira yekugadzirisa-auto pano).

Muchidimbu, kumiswa uku kwakasiyana neyakajairika shamwari yayo nekuti haina kushandisa chero yakajairika elastic element, semuenzaniso, chitubu, yekuvhundutsa absorber kana torsion bar. Chirongwa chekumiswa kwakadai chinosanganisa mabara akati wandei akazadzwa negasi kana imwe mvura.

Pakati peaya maburi pane elastic, yakasimba membrane iyo inodzivirira kusanganisa kweaya akasiyana midhiya. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe yakazadzwa nemvura kusvika pamwero wakati, izvo zvinokutendera kuti uchinje maitiro ekumisa (ichaita zvakasiyana munzira dzisina kuenzana). Iko shanduko mukuomarara kwekumiswa kunoitika nekuda kwekuti iyo pisitoni inoshandura kumanikidza mudunhu, nekuda kwekuti kumanikidza kana kushomeka kwemhedzisiro yegasi inozadza dunhu rinoshanda reiyo sphere inoitika kuburikidza neiyo membrane.

Iyo hydraulic redunhu inodzorwa otomatiki. Mumotokari yemazuva ano yakashongedzerwa neiyi system, chinzvimbo chemuviri chinogadziriswa nemagetsi. Kureba kwemotokari kunoonekwa neparameter senge kumhanya kwemota, mamiriro enzira yemugwagwa, nezvimwe. Zvichienderana nemota yemota, inogona kushandisa yayo sensor kana sensor, iyo yakagadzirirwa kushanda kweimwe mota system.

Iyo Hydractive system inoonekwa seimwe yeinoshanda uye inofambira mberi, kunyangwe hazvo hunyanzvi hwayo hwave nemakore anopfuura makumi manomwe. Tisati tafunga kuti ndedzipi mota dzinogona kuiswa pa hydropneumatic mhando yekumisikidzwa, uye chii chiri musimboti wekushanda kwayo, ngatitarisei kuti kukura uku kwakaonekwa sei.

Nhoroondo yekuonekwa kweCitroen hydraulic kuturika

Nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kweiyo hydraulic vhezheni yeiyi auto system yakatanga muna 1954 nekuburitswa kwemotokari yekutanga nekumiswa kwakadai. Yakanga iri Citroen Traction Avante. Uyu modhi wakagamuchira hydraulic kuvhundutsa zvinhu (zvakaiswa pachikamu chekumashure chemuchina panzvimbo yematsime). Iyi nongedzo yakazoshandiswa mumhando dzeDS.

Asi panguva iyoyo ino system haigone kunzi hydropneumatic. Iyo hydropneumatic adaptive kuturika, yava kunzi Hydractive, yakatanga kuoneka pane yeActiva pfungwa mota. Iyo yekushanda system yakaratidzirwa mugore re88th yezana rapfuura. Munguva yese yekugadzira, Hydractive yakachinja zvizvarwa zviviri, uye nhasi chizvarwa chechitatu chechigadzirwa chiri kushandiswa pane mamwe mamodheru emuchina.

Iyo budiriro yaive yakavakirwa pamusimboti wekushanda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekumiswa dzinoshandiswa mumotokari dzinorema, kusanganisira zvinorema zvekushandisa zvemauto. Izvo zvitsva, zvakashandurwa kekutanga kwekufambisa vafambi, zvakakonzera mufaro mukuru pakati pevanyori vemotokari uye nyanzvi munyika yeindasitiri yemotokari. Nenzira, iyo yekumisa inogadziriswa haisiriyo yega echimurenga budiriro yakaunzwa neCitroen mumhando dzayo.

Chiedza chinogadziriswa (mwenje yemwenje inodzokera kudivi uko giya rekufambisa kana vhiri rimwe nerimwe rinotenderera) yaive imwe budiriro yepamberi yakaunzwa muna 1968 Citroen DS modhi. Tsanangudzo nezve ino system inotsanangurwa mune imwe ongororo... Mukubatana neiyi system, muviri, unokwanisa kusimudza, pamwe neyakareruka uye akatsetseka mashandiro eadampers, akaunzira mota mbiri isingaenzaniswi. Kunyangwe nanhasi, chinhu chinochiviwa icho vamwe vatengesi vemotokari vangangoda kutora.

Mhando dzemazuva ano dzave kushandisa chizvarwa chechitatu chehurongwa, zvisinei nekuti mota iri kumashure-vhiri kana pamberi-vhiri rekutyaira. Isu tichataura nezve mutsauko uripakati pekugadzirwa kwekumberi zvishoma gare gare. Iye zvino ngatitarisei kuti ndeipi nheyo yazvino system

Iko kumiswa kweHydractive kunoshanda sei

Iyo hydropneumatic kuturika yakavakirwa pamisimboti yechiito chema hydraulics pane iyo actuator, semuenzaniso, mune brake system (inotsanangurwa zvakadzama mune imwe ongororo). Sezvambotaurwa, panzvimbo pezvitubu uye zvinokatyamadza, ino sisitimu inoshandisa bhora, iro rinozadzwa senitrogen pasi pekumanikidza kukuru. Iyi paramende inoenderana nehuremu hwemota, uye dzimwe nguva inogona kusvika pa100 atm.

Mukati mechikamu chimwe nechimwe pane elastic uye yakasimba yakasimba iyo inoparadzanisa gasi nemagetsi macircuit. Muzvizvarwa zvakapfuura zvekumiswa kwe hydraulic, mota yemota ine chicherwa chakagadzirwa (kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve mhando dzemafuta emota, verenga pano). Yaibva muchikwata cheLHM uye yaive green. Zvizvarwa zvichangoburwa zveiyo system zvinoshandisa chakagadzirwa orenji analogue (mhando LDS yemagetsi kuisirwa).

Mhando mbiri dzezvikamu dzakaiswa mumotokari: kushanda uye kuunganidza. Imwe nzvimbo yebasa yakatsaurirwa kune yakasarudzika vhiri. Iyo yekuunganidza nzvimbo yakabatana nevashandi nemugwagwa wakajairika. Mumidziyo yekushanda muchikamu chezasi pane buri reiyo hydraulic silinda tsvimbo (inofanira kusimudza mutumbi wemota pakukwirira kwaunoda kana kuidzikisa).

Kumiswa kunoshanda nekushandura kumanikidza kwemvura inoshanda. Gasi inoshandiswa sechinhu chakasununguka, ichizadza iyo nzvimbo muchikamu chepamusoro chechikamu chiri pamusoro pe membrane. Kudzivirira hydraulic oiri kubva pakuyerera kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekushandira ichienda kune imwe yega (nekuda kweizvi, iro rakasimba muviri roll raizoonekwa), mugadziri anoshandisa maburi nechimwe chikamu muchirongwa, pamwe nemaruva-peturu.

Iyo peculiarity yemakomba akacherechedzwa ndeyekuti ivo vanogadzira viscous kukwesana (hydraulic mafuta ine density yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mvura, saka haigone kuyerera zvakasununguka kubva pamukati kuenda kune mhango kuburikidza nenzira dzakamanikana - izvi zvinoda kumanikidza kwakawanda). Munguva yekushanda, mafuta anopisa, izvo zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kwayo uye zvinodzikisira kudengenyeka kunoguma.

Panzvimbo yechinyakare yekuvhundutsa absorber (verenga nezve chimiro chayo uye musimboti wekushanda zvakasiyana) hydraulic strut inoshandiswa. Mafuta ari mairi haapupuri furo kana kufashaira. Gesi-yakazadza kuvhunduka absorbers izvozvi zvine iwo iwo musimboti (verenga nezvekuti zvipi zvekuvhundutsa zviri nani: gasi kana mafuta, verenga mune imwe chinyorwa). Iyi dhizaini inobvumira iyo kifaa kuti ishande pasi pemitoro inorema kwenguva yakareba. Zvakare, zvishoma mune ino dhizaini hazvirasikirwe neayo masosi, kunyangwe zvikapisa zvakanyanya.

Mamiriro akasiyana ekushandira sisitimu inoda yavo yemafuta kumanikidza uye chiyero chekugadzirwa kwesimba rinodiwa. Maitiro aya multistage mune ino system. Iko kutsetseka kwepiston sitiroko kunoenderana nekuvhurwa kweimwe kana imwe vharuvhu. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandura kuomarara kwekumiswa nekuisa imwe yekuwedzera nharaunda.

Mukushandurwa kwazvino, maitiro aya anotariswa nema sensors akadzikama, uye mune dzimwe mota mugadziri akatopa zvekugadzirisa zvinyorwa (mune iyi kesi, mutengo wesystem hauzodhura zvakanyanya).

Mutsetse unoshanda chete kana injini ichimhanya. Iwo ekudzora emagetsi emota zhinji anotendera iwe kuti uchinje chinzvimbo chemuviri munzira ina. Yokutanga ndiyo yakaderera pasi clearance. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kurodha mota. Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yekupedzisira clearance yepasi. Muchiitiko ichi, zviri nyore kuti mota ikurire mamiriro-emugwagwa.

Zvisinei, kunaka kupfuudza zvipingamupinyi mumotokari zvakananga kunoenderana mhando rwemberi chikamu kuturika - chinjikira danda kana multi-kubatana mamiriro. Iwo mamwe ma modhi maviri anongopa kunyaradzwa kunodiwa nemutyairi, asi kazhinji hapana misiyano mikuru pakati pavo.

Kana iyo hydropneumatic ichingowedzera chinhambwe pakati pomuviri nepamuchinjikwa, kupasiswa kwemotokari muzviitiko zvakanyanya hakuchinji - mota inogona kukochekera pachipingamupinyi nedanda. Kunyanya kushandiswa kwe hydropneumatics kunoonekwa kana uchishandisa dhizaini yekubatanidza. Mune ino kesi, clearance inonyatsochinja. Muenzaniso weiyi kusimudzira kunochinja mune yechangoburwa chizvarwa Land Rover Defender (bvunzo drive yemhando iyi inogona kuverenga pano).

Iko kuwedzera kwekumanikidza mumutsara kunopihwa nepombi yemafuta. Kureba kureba kunopihwa inoenderana vharuvhu. Kuti kuwedzere kubvumidzwa kwepasi, iyo yemagetsi inomutsa pombi uye inopomba yakawedzera mafuta munzvimbo yepakati. Kana mangoti kumanikidza mumutsara kwasvika paramende inodiwa, vharuvhu inoiswa uye pombi yadzimwa.

Kana mutyairi achimanikidza peturu zvakanyanya uye mota ichisimuka, zvemagetsi zvinonyora kumhanyisa kwemotokari. Kana iwe ukasiya pasi clearance yakakwira, aerodynamics inokuvadza mota (kune rumwe ruzivo nezve aerodynamics, verenga mune imwe chinyorwa). Nechikonzero ichi, zvemagetsi zvinotanga kuburitswa kwemafuta emafuta mudunhu kuburikidza nemutsetse wekudzoka. Izvi zvinounza mota padhuze nepasi uye kuyerera kwemhepo kunoisundira zvirinani munzira.

Sisitimu inoshandura kubvumidzwa kwepasi 15 millimeters pasi kana mota ichimhanyisa kumhanya kupfuura makiromita 110 paawa. Chinhu chakakosha kukosha kweichi mhando yemugwagwa pamusoro (kuona izvi, pane, semuenzaniso, kudzora kudzora system). Kana iri isina kunaka nzira pamusoro uye nekumhanyisa, pazasi pe60 km / h, mota inokwira nemamirimita makumi maviri. Kana mota ikatakurwa, zvemagetsi zvinopombawo mafuta mumugwagwa mukuru kuitira kuti muviri urambe wakamira zvakanangana nemugwagwa.

Imwe sarudzo inowanikwa kune mamwe marudzi emamodheru akashongedzerwa neiyo Hydractive system kugona kubvisa roll yemota panguva yekumhanya-mhanya kukona. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo unit yekudzivirira inosarudza kusvika padanho rakadii chimwe chikamu chekumiswa kutakurwa, uye, uchishandisa mavharuvhu ekuzorodza, anochinja kumanikidza kwese vhiri. Maitiro akafanana anoitika kubvisa pecks kana muchina ukamira nekukurumidza.

Main kuturika zvinhu Hydractive

Iyo hydropneumatic kuturika scheme ine:

• Hydropneumatic vhiri struts (nzvimbo yekushanda yeimwe vhiri);
• Accumulator (yepakati bhora). Iyo inounganidza yakachengetwa huwandu hwemafuta ekushanda kwenzvimbo dzese;
• Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinogadzirisa kuomarara kwekumiswa;
• Pombi inodhonza iyo inoshandira mvura kuita maseketi akapatsanurwa. Mudziyo wacho waive wekutanga, asi chizvarwa chazvino chinoshandisa pombi yemagetsi;
• Mavharuvhu uye kumanikidza regulators izvo zvakabatanidzwa kuva akapatsanurwa module kana mapuratifomu. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chevharuvhu nevatariri vane chekuita nekokorodzano yavo. Kune imwechete saiti yakadaro kune yega axis;
• Iyo hydraulic line, iyo inobatanidza zvese zvinodzora uye zvepamusoro zvinhu;
• Kudzivirirwa, kugadzirisa uye kupfuudza mavharuvhu anofambidzana neiyo brake system uye simba mudhiraivho (gadziriro yakadai mune mamwe marudzi yakashandiswa muchizvarwa chekutanga nechechipiri, uye chechitatu ivo vasipo, sezvo ino hurongwa hwazvimirira);
• Yemagetsi control unit, iyo, zvinoenderana nemasaini akagamuchirwa kubva kuma sensors eiyi nemamwe masystem, inomutsa iyo yakagadzirirwa algorithm uye inotumira chiratidzo kune iyo pombi kana vanodzora;
• Muviri chinzvimbo sensors akaisirwa kumberi nekumashure kwemotokari.

Zvizvarwa zveHydractive kuturika

Kuvandudzwa kwechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe kwakaitika kuitira kuti kuwedzere kuvimbika nekuvandudza mashandiro ehurongwa. Pakutanga, iyo hydraulic tambo yaisanganiswa neyakavhunika system uye simba rekutyaira. Chizvarwa chekupedzisira chakagashira mitsara yakazvimiririra kune aya maodhi. Nekuda kweizvi, kutadza kweimwe yemaitiro akanyorwa hakukanganisa mashandiro ekumiswa.

Funga nezveakasiyana maficha eaya aripo mazera ehydropneumatic mota kumiswa.

Chizvarwa chekutanga

Kunyangwe hazvo chokwadi chekuti budiriro yakaonekwa muma50 ezana ramakore rapfuura, sisitimu yakapinda mukugadzirwa kwakawanda muna1990. Uku kumisikidzwa kwekumisikidzwa kwaisanganiswa nemamwe mamodheru eCitroen, akadai seXM kana Xantia.

Sezvatakakurukura pakutanga, zvizvarwa zvekutanga zvehurongwa zvakabatanidzwa nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi. Muchizvarwa chekutanga chegadziriro, kumiswa kwacho kunogona kuchinjika kuita maviri modhi:

• Auto... Sensors anonyora akasiyana parameter emota, semuenzaniso, chinzvimbo chekuwedzera chinomhanyisa, kumanikidza mumabhureki, chinzvimbo chevhiri, zvichingodaro. Seizvo zita remodhi rinoratidzira, zvemagetsi zvakazvimiririra zvakasarudzika kuti kumanikidzwa mumugwagwa mukuru kunofanirwa kuve kupi kuti uwane kuzadzikiswa kwakaringana pakati pekunyaradza uye chengetedzo mukati merwendo;
• Sporty... Iyi ndiyo nzira yakashandisirwa kutyaira kune simba. Pamusoro pekukwirira kwemotokari, sisitimu yakachinjawo kuomarara kwezvinhu zvinodzikisira.

Chizvarwa chechipiri

Somugumisiro wemazuva ano, mugadziri akachinja mamwe ma parameter emota otomatiki. Muchizvarwa chechipiri, yakanzi yakasununguka. Zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike kwete kwete chete kushandura pasi clearance yemotokari, asi zvakare muchidimbu kuomarara kwemadampers apo mota yakapinda mukana nekumhanya kana kumhanyisa.

Kuvapo kwechiitiko chakadai kwakatendera mutyairi kuti asachinje marongero emagetsi kana akatyaira mota zvine simba kwenguva pfupi. Muenzaniso wezviitiko zvakadaro kufambisa kwakapinza kana uchidzivirira chipingamupinyi kana kupfuura imwe mota.

Imwe nyowani yakaitwa nevekumiswa vanogadzira ndiyo inzvimbo yekuwedzera iyo yakaiswa vharuvhu yekutarisa. Ichi chikamu chekuwedzera chakagonesa kuchengetedza musoro wepamusoro mumutsara kwenguva yakareba.

Iko kusarongeka kweiyi gadziriro yaive yekuti kumanikidzwa muchirongwa kwakachengetedzwa kweinopfuura vhiki rimwe, uye nekuda kweizvi muridzi wemota aisada kutanga injini yepombi yekupomba mafuta mudura.

Iyo Hydractive-2 system yakashandiswa pane Xantia mamodheru akagadzirwa kubvira 1994. Gore rimwe chete gare gare, kugadziriswa uku kwekumiswa kwakaonekwa muCitroen XM.

III chizvarwa

Muna 2001, kuturika kweHydractive hydropneumatic kwakagadziriswa kukuru. Yakatanga kushandiswa muFrench automaker's C5 mamodheru. Pakati pezvinyorwa pane zvinotevera zvinhu:

1. Yakachinja hydraulic wedunhu. Iye zvino braking system haisi chikamu chemutsara (aya macircuit ane ega matura, pamwe nemachubhu). Nekuda kweizvi, chirongwa chekumisa chave chakareruka - hapana chikonzero chekudzora kumanikidza mune maviri masystem akasiyana kubva kune mumwe, vachishandisa kumanikidza kwakasiyana kwemvura inoshanda (kuti brake system ishande, hapana chikonzero kudzvinyirira kukuru brake fluid).
2. Mune marongero emodi yekushandisa, sarudzo yekumisikidza paramende inodiwa yabviswa. Imwe neimwe modhi inoenzanisirwa chete nemagetsi.
3. Automation yakazvimiririra inoderedza kubvumidzwa kwepasi ne15mm maererano neyakajairwa nzvimbo (yakagadzwa nemugadziri - mune yega modhi ine yayo), kana mota ichimhanyisa kupfuura makiromita 110 / awa. Kana uchinonoka kumhanya mumatanho e60-70 km / h, iyo clearance yepasi inowedzera ne13-20 millimeter (zvinoenderana nemota yemota) inoenderana neyakaenzana kukosha.

Kuti zvemagetsi zvigadzirise nemazvo kukwirira kwemuviri, iyo inodzora unit inounganidza zviratidzo kubva kuma sensors anoona:

• Kumhanya kwemotokari;
• Kureba kwepamberi kwemuviri;
• Kureba kwemuviri;
• Pamusoro pezvo - iwo maratidziro eiyo yekutsinhana mwero kugadzikana kwema sensors, kana iripo mune yakasarudzika mota modhi.

Pamusoro peiyo yakajairwa chizvarwa chechitatu mune inodhura C5 kumisikidzwa, pamwe neiyo yekutanga C6 michina, iyo automaker inoshandisa iyo Hydractive3 + vhezheni ye hydropneumatic kuturika. Misiyano mikuru pakati peiyi sarudzo uye yakafanana analogue ndeiyi:

1. Mutyairi anogona kusarudza pakati penzira mbiri dzekumisa. Yokutanga yakasununguka. Iyo yakapfava, asi inogona kuchinja kuomarara kwayo kwenguva pfupi zvichienderana nemamiriro ari munzira uye nezviito zvemutyairi. Yechipiri ine simba. Aya ndiwo marongedzero emitambo anomisikidza kuomarara kwekudzikisira.
2. Yakavandudzwa sisitimu yekupindura algorithms - zvemagetsi zvirinani kuona iyo chaiyo yakajeka clearance. Kuti uite izvi, chinodzora chinogashira mamaki nezve yazvino yekumhanyisa mhanyisa, chinzvimbo chemuviri kumberi nekumashure, chinzvimbo chevhiri rekumhanyisa, kumhanyisa muchikamu chehurefu uye muchinjikwa, mitoro pazvinhu zvekumisa damper (izvi zvinobvumidza iwe kuti uone mhando yemugwagwa pamusoro), pamwe nenzvimbo yetrottle (zvakadzama nezve chii chinonzi vharuvhu mumota inoudzwa zvakasiyana).

Kugadzirisa uye zvikamu zvemutengo

Kunge chero imwe sisitimu inopa otomatiki kudzora akasiyana paramita emota, iyo Hydractive hydropneumatic kuturika inodhura mari yakawanda. Inoenderana nekushanda kwemazhinji emagetsi zvigadzirwa, pamwe nemagetsi uye pneumatic. A yakawanda mavharuvhu uye dzimwe nzira, pakushanda uko kutsiga kwemotokari kunoenderana, ese mauniti anoda kumwe kugadziriswa, uye kana zvikaitika kukundikana kwavo, zvakare kunodhura kugadzirisa.

Heano mamwe mimwe mitengo yekugadzirisa hydropneumatic:

• Kutsiva hydraulic prop kunodhura madhora makumi matatu;
• Iko kumberi kuomarara mutongi kunochinja nezve 65 cu;
• Kuti uchinje iyo yekumberi bhora, mutyairi anofanirwa kusiyana ne $ 10;
• Kudzoreredza chinoshandika asi chisina kumisikidzwa yeyuniti inodhura madhora makumi maviri nemakumi matatu.

Zvakare, aya angori mitengo yemamwe masiteji ebasa ebasa racho pacharo. Kana isu tichitaura pamusoro pemutengo wezvikamu, saka izvi zvakare hazvisi zvakachipa kunakidzwa. Semuenzaniso, iyo yakachipa kwazvo yemafuta emagetsi inogona kutengwa kweinenge madhora gumi. litita imwe, uye kana ichigadzirisa system, chinhu ichi chinoda mari yakanaka. Iyo pombi yemafuta, zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekuvaka uye modhi yemota, inodhura madhora makumi masere nemashanu.

Kazhinji kazhinji muhurongwa, kutadza kushanda kunoonekwa mumatunhu, pombi dzakanyanya, mapombi, mavhavha uye ma regulators. Mutengo wedanho unotanga pamadhora zana nemakumi masere nemashanu, uye kana ukasatenga chikamu chepakutanga, inodhura zvakapetwa kamwe nehafu.

Kazhinji kazhinji zvinhu zvekumisa zvinotambura nemhedzisiro yegora, sezvo isina kudzivirirwa nechinhu kubva kune tsvina nekunyorova. Zvikamu zvacho zvinoputswa pasina kuita kwakasimba, asi zvese zvakaomarara nekuora uye kubhowa kwemabhaudhi nenzungu. Nekuda kwekusawana mukana kune vamwe vanobatanidza, mutengo wekuparadza gungano unowanzo fananidzwa nemutengo wechinhu icho pachacho.

Kutsiva paipi rimwe dambudziko rinogona kuwira pamusoro wemuridzi wemota. Mutsetse wakabatana nepombi, wakakuvadzwa nehara, haugone kubviswa pasina kubvarura zvimwe zvinhu zvemota zviri pasi pezasi. Iyi pombi inomhanya pasi peinenge mota yese, uye kuti irege kukuvadza pasi, inoiswa padhuze nepazasi sezvinobvira.

Sezvo izvo zvekubatanidza zveimwe michina uye zvivakwa zvakare zvisina kuchengetedzwa nechinhu kubva kuhunyoro uye tsvina, kwavo kuputsa kunogona zvakare kuve kwakaomarara. Nechikonzero ichi, kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekushandira, vatyairi vanofanirwa kuburitsa madhora mazana matatu vachitsiva chubhu irinyore.

Kazhinji hazviite kutsiva zvimwe zvikamu zvehurongwa nezvitsva. Muenzaniso weiyi mapuratifomu, kana ma module, ayo anogadzirisa kuomarara kwematanho ekudzivirira. Kazhinji, mune ino kesi, izvo zvinhu zvinongogadziriswa.

Usati watenga mota nekumiswa kwakadai, zvakafanira zvakare kufunga kuti kuparara kwechimwe chinhu kunowanzo kuperekedzwa nekundikana kwemaitiro akati wandei panguva imwe chete, saka mutyairi anofanirwa kubhadhara zvakanyanya kugadziriswa uye kugadziriswa kweakadai. system. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika pakutenga mota yakamboshandiswa. Mukufambisa kwakadaro, chikamu chimwe mushure mechimwe chinonyatsokundikana. Zvakare, tichienzanisa neyakasimudzwa yakamisikidzwa, nekuda kwenhamba hombe yezvikamu zvinoshanda pasi pemutoro unorema, ino sisitimu ichafanirwa kuitirwa kugadziridzwa kwakawanda kazhinji kazhinji.

Zvakanakira hydropneumatic kuturika

Mukufunga, kushandisa gasi mukumiswa sekumira kwakakodzera. Urongwa uhu hauna kugara uchinetsana mukati, gasi harina "kuneta" kunge simbi mumatsime kana matsime, uye inertia yayo ishoma. Nekudaro, izvi zvese zviri mukufunga. Kazhinji, kuvandudza kuri padanho rekudhira kunoda shanduko kana uchichidudzira muchokwadi.

Chipingamupinyi chekutanga chinosangana neinjiniya kurasikirwa kwekumisa mashandiro paunenge uchiita hwaro hwese hunoratidzwa pabepa. Nezvikonzero izvi, iyo hydropneumatic vhezheni yekumiswa ine zvese zvakanakira nekuipira.

Kutanga, funga zvakanakira kumiswa kwakadaro. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

1. Kunonyanyisa kutsetseka kwemadampers. Panyaya iyi, kwenguva yakareba, mhando dzakagadzirwa nekambani yeFrance Citroen (verenga nezvenhoroondo yeiyi auto brand pano), yaionekwa seyakajairwa.
2. Zvirinyore kuti mutyairi adzore mota yake kumativi emakona iye achityaira nespeed.
3. Iwo emagetsi anokwanisa kuchinjisa kumisa kune iyo kutyaira maitiro.
4. Iyo inogadzira inovimbisa kuti iyo sisitimu inokwanisa kumhanya inosvika mazana mazana maviri emakiromita (chero mota nyowani ikatengwa, kwete yaishandiswa).
5. Mune mamwe mamodheru, iyo automaker yakapa kune echinyakare kugadzirisa chinzvimbo chemuviri maererano nemugwagwa. Asi kunyange iyo otomatiki nzira inoita basa rakanakisa rekuita kwayo.
6. Mune ese ari maviri manyore uye otomatiki modes, iyo system inoita basa rakanakisa rekugadzirisa kuomarara kwebasa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emugwagwa.
7. Inopindirana nemhando dzakawanda dzemazhinji-link kumashure axle, pamwe neMacPherson struts anoshandiswa kumberi kwemotokari.

Zvakaipira hydropneumatic kuturika

Kunyangwe hazvo iyo iyo hydropneumatic kuturika inokwanisa kuchinjisa zvimiro zvayo, ine zvimiro zvinoverengeka zvakakosha, ndosaka vatyairi vazhinji vasingafunge nezvekutenga mota nekumiswa kwakadai. Izvi zvakashata zvinosanganisira:

1. Kuti uone iwo akakwirira maitiro kubva pabasa rakapendwa pamifananidzo, mugadziri anofanirwa kushandisa zvakasarudzika zvigadzirwa, pamwe nekuunza hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi mukugadzirwa kwemota dzake dzemota.
2. Huwandu hukuru hwevatongi, mavharuvhu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa pakuita kwemhando yepamusoro kwesisitimu panguva imwecheteyo dzinogona nzvimbo dzekukanganisa kunogona kuitika.
3. Pakaitika kuputsika, iyo gadziriso inosanganisirwa nekubvongodzwa kwezvinhu zvepedyo zvemotokari, izvo mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinonetsa kwazvo kuita. Nekuda kweizvi, iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga nyanzvi chaiyo inogona kuita basa rese nemhando yepamusoro uye isingakuvadze muchina.
4. Ungano yese inodhura uye, nekuda kwenhamba yakakura yezvinhu, inowanzoda kugadziriswa nekugadziriswa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kumotokari dzakatengwa pamusika wechipiri (kune rumwe ruzivo nezve izvo iwe zvaunoda kutarisisa pakutenga yakashandiswa mota, verenga mune imwe ongororo).
5. Nekuda kwekuparara kwekumiswa kwakadai, mota haigone kuvhiyiwa, nekuti kurasikirwa kwekumanikidza kunoitisa mukunyangarika kweye damper mashandiro ehurongwa, ayo asingakwanise kutaurwa nezve zvitubu zvekare uye zvinokatyamadza - ivo panguva imwechete havazombokundikana kamwe kamwe.
6. Iyo sisitimu kazhinji haina kuvimbika seyomaker inogutsikana.

Mushure meCitroen yatanga kuwedzera kusangana nematambudziko ekukura kwayo, zvakatemwa kuchinja uku kumiswa kune chaiwo analogue yemamodeli echikamu chebhajeti. Kunyangwe iyo mhando isina kusiya zvachose kugadzirwa kwesystem. Misiyano yaro yakasiyana inogona kuoneka pane premium mota yemamwe auto zvigadzirwa.

Uku kukura kunenge kusingakwanisike kuwana mune zvakajairika mota dzekugadzira. Kazhinji kazhinji, mota dzemhando yepamusoro uye dzemhando yepamusoro dzakadai seMercedes-Benz, Bentley uye Rolls-Royce dzakashongedzerwa nekumiswa kwakadai. Kwemakore, kumiswa kwe hydropneumatic yakaiswa kune Lexus LX570 yakasarudzika SUV.

Kana tikataura nezveCitroen C5, iyo yakagadzirirwa chizvarwa chekupedzisira cheHydractive, ikozvino chete pneumatic analogue inoshandiswa mumota idzi. Rondedzero nezvekuti kumiswa kwakadai kunoshanda sei, pamwe nemashandiro ayo, kunotsanangurwa mune imwe chinyorwa... French automaker yakaita iyi sarudzo kudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira nekutengesa yemhando inozivikanwa.

Saka, iyo hydropneumatic kuturika inokutendera iwe kuti uchinje kukwirira kwemotokari, pamwe nekuomarara kwezvikamu zve damper. Seimwe nzira, vamwe vagadziri vanoshandisa magnetic kusimiswa kugadziridzwa kwezvinangwa izvi. Dzinotsanangurwa zvakadzama mune imwe ongororo.

Mukupedzisa, isu tinopa pfupi vhidhiyo kuenzanisa kwevamwe anoshanda magadzirirwo ekumiswa, kusanganisira iyo hydropneumatic vhezheni:

⚫KUNOGONA KUSIRIRA ZVINHU ZVOSE! KUSIMURWA KWEMOTA ZVISINHU.